Sidney Rigdon, JS, et al., Petition Draft (“To the Publick”), circa 1838–1839
Source Note
, JS, et al., Petition Draft (“To the Publick”), ca. Sept. 1838–ca. Oct. 1839; handwriting of , , , , and two unidentified scribes; 112 inscribed pages with eight inserted slips of paper; JS Collection, CHL.
Historical Introduction
While incarcerated at , Missouri, in March 1839, JS addressed a letter to the church “at Illinois and scattered abroad and to in particular,” instructing the Saints to gather up “a knoledge of all the facts and sufferings and abuses put upon them by the people of this state.” Edward Partridge responded with an account that became the three opening installments of “A History, of the Persecution, of the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter Day Saints in Missouri,” an eleven-part series published in the church’s newspaper, Times and Seasons, between December 1839 and October 1840. “A History, of the Persecution” receives comprehensive treatment in volume 2 of the Histories series of The Joseph Smith Papers and is available on this website.
may have intended to tell the entire story himself, but he fell ill shortly after publication of “A History, of the Persecution” began and died on 27 May 1840. Prompted by Partridge’s illness and subsequent death, the editors of the Times and Seasons, and , sought elsewhere for source materials to continue the series. It is probable that they composed the fourth installment to provide a brief transition from Partridge’s account, which ends in 1836, and the conflicts in and adjoining counties beginning in 1838. The fifth and seventh installments reprinted passages from ’s History of the Late Persecution Inflicted by the State of Missouri upon the Mormons (Detroit: Dawson and Bates, 1839). In May 1840, the sixth installment drew upon ’s eighty-four page pamphlet, An Appeal to the American People: Being an Account of the Persecutions of the Church of Latter Day Saints; and the Barbarities Inflicted on Them by the Inhabitants of the State of Missouri (Cincinnati: Glezan and Shepard, 1840), a draft of which is presented here. Though no author is named on the title page of the pamphlet, Rigdon was acknowledged as responsible for that publication when it was advertised in the Times and Seasons in 1840 and 1841. Also, much of this draft is in Rigdon’s hand. More of Rigdon’s work was reprinted in the eighth through tenth installments published from July to September 1840. The series concluded with an eleventh installment in the October 1840 issue, featuring General ’s callous speech to the Saints after their surrender at , Missouri, in November 1838.
The manuscript version of ’s Appeal to the American People presented here is referred to as the “petition draft” titled “To the Publick”. On 1 November 1839, Rigdon’s recently completed petition draft, endorsed by JS, Rigdon, and , was read to a conference of Saints in , Illinois, who then voted to approve its publication in the name of the church. and then collaborated to arrange for publication of the text in late 1839 and early 1840.
Although many of the events reported in ’s draft and pamphlet can be corroborated from other sources, his chronology is often inaccurate. (Consult the annotation in Histories,Volume 2 for corrections to portions published as part of “A History, of the Persecutions.”) However, his account contains the text of several significant documents. Among these are JS’s 5 September 1838 affidavit concerning his 7 August 1838 visit to and those of and and regarding the massacre. Consequently, though in many respects Rigdon’s document is more advocacy than history, it offers access to some material not readily found elsewhere.
Mill Port, to a considerable number, and that was at their head, and were to attack the Mormons <Saints> the next day, at the place where we then were, called , this report, we esteemed to be worthy of <some were inclined> some <to> believe might be true. As this who, was was said to be their leader, had been but a few months before engaged in endeavouring to drive those, of the society, who— had settled in that vicinity, from the . This fact, had become notorious, from the fact that said had personally Ordered several of the said society to leave the . The next Morning, we dispacthed a committee to said ’s to asscertain the truth of these reports, and <to know> what his intentions were, and as we understood he was a peace Officers, we wished to know what we might expect from him, the Committee returned in a Short time, with an unfavorable report, that instead of giving them any assurance of preserving the peace, insulted them and gave them no satisfaction. <being desirous to know the feelings of for myself,> about this time the committee returned to a number of us who were <and being> in want of good water, and, understanding there were none nearer than s spring <myself with several others> Mounted our horses myself among the number and rode up to s fence, with one or two others, who had rode ahead, went in to ’s house, myself and some others went to the spring for water. I was shortly after sent for <by > and invited into the house, Being introduced to by , invitedme to <re[q]uested> takea <me> chair <to be seated,> we then commenced a conversation, on the subject of the late dificulties and present exitement. I found considerable quite hostile in his feelings, towards the Mormons <saints>; but assured us that he did not belong to the mob, neither would he take any part with them; but said he was bound <by his oath> to keep support the Constitutition of the , and the Laws of the State of . Deponent then asked him, if he would make said statements in writing, so as to refute the arguments of those who had afirm’d that he () was one of the leaders of the mob? answered in the affirmative, that according<ly>, he did so; which writing is in the possession of the deponent.” [p. [15[b]]]