Footnotes

1. [1]

   Phelps signed the letter as clerk. A later JS history states that Phelps wrote the letter on behalf of “a council of the presidency.” (JS History, vol. B-1, 594.)  

   JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian’s Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.

2. [2]

   Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 15 June 1835. Although Oliver Cowdery’s 15 June letter specifically states that the Kirtland high council instructed him to visit Hewitt and present to him “your letter,” there are no extant minutes of a council—either the high council or a council of the presidency—recording this direction to Cowdery.  

3. [3]

   Bishops were referred to as “angels.” (Shaw, Catholic Apostolic Church, 35–36, 66, 72, 77–79, 90–91; Lively, “Comparative Study of Two Minority Millenarian Groups,” 62–71, 76, 81–84.)  

   Shaw, P. E. The Catholic Apostolic Church, Sometimes Called Irvingite: A Historical Study. Morningside Heights, NY: King’s Crown, 1946.

   Lively, Robert L., Jr. “The Catholic Apostolic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: A Comparative Study of Two Minority Millenarian Groups in Nineteenth-Century England.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 1977.

4. [4]

   Editorial, LDS Messenger and Advocate, May 1836, 2:316.  

   Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

5. [5]

   Thomas Shaw, Barnsley, England, to “the Saints of the Most High,” 21 Apr. 1835, CHL.  

6. [6]

   In 1856, one member of the Catholic Apostolic Church stated: “Now, that this letter is a forgery, is as demonstrable as the wickedness of it is astounding: for we have no church at Barnsley, and never had any people there. Who Thomas Shaw is, who signs the letter, we know not: all we know is, that he never held office in any church of ours. And as for sympathy with Mormonism, I may say that we of all people have had least of that. From the very first we have believed it to be a work of the Enemy, mimicking in its claim to spiritual gifts the work of the Holy Ghost.” Records of nonconformist churches in Barnsley show no evidence of a John Hewitt’s involvement during the period in question, and there appears to be no record that would confirm the existence of a congregation of the Catholic Apostolic Church nearer to Barnsley than Sheffield, a distance of about fifteen miles. (Edward Irving and the Catholic Apostolic Church, 7–8, emphasis in original; Births and Baptisms for Ebenezer Chapel, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, 1785–1837; Births, Baptisms, and Burials for Salem Chapel, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, 1818–1837; Births and Baptisms, Westgate Chapel, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, 1797–1836; Births and Baptisms for New Street Chapel, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, 1797–1837, microfilm 816,604; Births and Baptisms for Primitive Methodists, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, 1822–1837, microfilm 816,605, British Isles Record Collection, FHL; Census of Great Britain, 1851, ccxxxii; Lively, “Comparative Study of Two Minority Millenarian Groups,” 108, 260; see also “Note to Art. II. of No. 202,” 303.)  

   Edward Irving and the Catholic Apostolic Church, by One of Its Members. London: Bosworth and Harrison, 1856.

   British Isles Record Collection. FHL.

   Census of Great Britain, 1851. Religious Worship in England and Wales. Abridged from the Official Report Made By Horace Mann, Esq., to George Graham, Esq., Registrar-General. London: George Routledge and Co., 1854.

   Lively, Robert L., Jr. “The Catholic Apostolic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: A Comparative Study of Two Minority Millenarian Groups in Nineteenth-Century England.” PhD diss., University of Oxford, 1977.

   “Note to Art. II. of No. 202.” The Edinburgh Review or Critical Journal 100 (July 1854): 303.

7. [7]

   Editorial, LDS Messenger and Advocate, May 1836, 2:316–317.  

   Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

8. [8]

   JS History, vol. B-1, 594.  

   JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian’s Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.

9. [9]

   Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 15 June 1835.  

10. [10]

    John Hewitt, “To the Rev. Ferris Fitch,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 4 Mar. 1836, [3]; see also Ferris Fitch, “For the Telegraph,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 26 Feb. 1836, [3].  

    Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.

11. [11]

    Editorial, LDS Messenger and Advocate, May 1836, 2:316–317.  

    Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

12. [12]

    John Hewitt, “To the Rev. Ferris Fitch,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 4 Mar. 1836, [3]; see also Ferris Fitch, “For the Telegraph,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 26 Feb. 1836, [3].  

    Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.

13. [13]

    Parley P. Pratt, Toronto, Upper Canada, 9 May 1836, Letter to the Editor, LDS Messenger and Advocate, May 1836, 2:318.  

    Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

14. [14]

    Whitmer, History, 76.