Complaint, 29 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B]

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Introduction to City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B and City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–C Complaint, 29 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B] Warrant and Subpoena, 29 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B] Subpoena, 29 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B] Subpoena, 30 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B] Minutes, 30 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B] Docket Entry, 30 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B]
Complaint, 29 November 1842 [City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B]
Source Note

JS, Complaint, before
Daniel H. Wells
27 Oct. 1814–24 Mar. 1891. Farmer, teacher, ferry operator, lumber merchant, manager of nail factory, politician. Born in Trenton, Oneida Co., New York. Son of Daniel Wells and Catherine Chapin. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, ca. 1832. Moved to ...
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, against
Amos Davis
Ca. 20 Sept. 1813–22 Mar. 1872. Merchant, farmer, postmaster, tavernkeeper. Born in New Hampshire or Vermont. Son of Wells Davis and Mary. Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, ca. fall 1836. Married first Elvira Hibard, 1 Jan. 1837, in...
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,
Nauvoo
Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....
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, Hancock Co., IL, 29 Nov. 1842, City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS (Nauvoo, IL, Municipal Court 1842); handwriting of
James Sloan
28 Oct. 1792–24 Oct. 1886. City recorder, notary public, attorney, judge, farmer. Born in Donaghmore, Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Alexander Sloan and Anne. Married Mary Magill. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Ordained an elder, ...
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; signature of JS; certified by
Daniel H. Wells
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, 29 Nov. 1842; one page; JS Collection (Supplement), CHL.

Single leaf, measuring 6⅛ × 7⅝ inches (16 × 19 cm) and ruled with twenty blue printed horizontal lines. The document was folded in half horizontally and then folded in half twice vertically, likely for storage. Pin holes in the upper left corner of the document indicate it was once fastened to another document.

This document was presumably kept among
Nauvoo
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city records. In 1845, the city of Nauvoo was disincorporated.
1
“An Act to Repeal the Nauvoo Charter,” 14th General Assembly, 1844–1845, Senate Bill no. 35 (House Bill no. 42), Illinois General Assembly, Enrolled Acts of the General Assembly, 1818–2012, Illinois State Archives, Springfield.
Comprehensive Works Cited
Illinois General Assembly. Bills, Resolutions, and Related General Assembly Records, 1st–98th Bienniums, 1819–2015. Illinois State Archives, Springfield.
Many if not most of the city records were likely included in the various collections of city records listed in an inventory produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) in 1846, when they were packed up along with church records and taken to the Salt Lake Valley.
2
“Schedule of Church Records. Nauvoo 1846,” [1], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
The city records are also listed in inventories of church records created in 1855, 1878, and circa 1904.
3
“Inventory. Historian’s Office. 4th April 1855,” [1]–[2]; “Index of Records and Journals in the Historian’s Office 1878,” [11]; “Index to Papers in the Historians Office,” ca. 1904, 7, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
The Church Historical Department (now CHL) published a register of the JS Collection in 1973. Between 1974 and 1984, staff continued to locate documents authored by or directed to JS in uncataloged church financial records and in name and subject files. The department also acquired additional JS documents from donors, collectors, and dealers. These newly located and acquired documents were kept together in a supplement to the JS Collection. A preliminary inventory of the supplement was created in 1992. This group of records was named the JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, and its cataloging was finalized in 2017.
4
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Footnotes
[1]
“An Act to Repeal the Nauvoo Charter,” 14th General Assembly, 1844–1845, Senate Bill no. 35 (House Bill no. 42), Illinois General Assembly, Enrolled Acts of the General Assembly, 1818–2012, Illinois State Archives, Springfield.
Illinois General Assembly. Bills, Resolutions, and Related General Assembly Records, 1st–98th Bienniums, 1819–2015. Illinois State Archives, Springfield.
[2]
“Schedule of Church Records. Nauvoo 1846,” [1], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
[3]
“Inventory. Historian’s Office. 4th April 1855,” [1]–[2]; “Index of Records and Journals in the Historian’s Office 1878,” [11]; “Index to Papers in the Historians Office,” ca. 1904, 7, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
[4]
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Historical Introduction
On 29 November 1842, JS swore out a complaint before
Nauvoo
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, Illinois, alderman
Daniel H. Wells
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accusing
Amos Davis
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of insulting him. Davis, a merchant in Nauvoo, had a turbulent relationship with JS. Although he joined the
church
The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...
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in 1840, by 1842 his relationship with JS had soured.
1
“Good News from America,” Millennial Star, July 1840, 1:63.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
In March 1842, JS stopped at Davis’s tavern for tea, but Davis refused to enter the room where JS was and loudly accused him of trying to swindle him in their business dealings.
2
According to minutes of the trial that stemmed from this interaction, Davis claimed that JS had promised to pay a debt in the spring of 1842 but had not done so. JS claimed that he had offered to pay the debt using land but that Davis would accept only cash. (Minutes, 10 Mar. 1842, City of Nauvoo v. Davis [Nauvoo Mun. Ct. 1842], Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.)
One witness claimed that Davis also asserted that he was willing to meet JS “in the Woods, with Words, Fists, or Rifles.” Based on a complaint JS made shortly after the confrontation, a jury found Davis guilty of violating Nauvoo’s vagrancy and disorderly persons ordinance and ordered him to pay a hundred-dollar bond and to keep the peace for six months.
3
Minutes, 10 Mar. 1842, City of Nauvoo v. Davis (Nauvoo Mun. Ct. 1842), Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; Nauvoo Municipal Court Docket Book, 4 (second numbering).
JS and Davis’s relationship did not improve during that period, and in September 1842,
William Clayton
17 July 1814–4 Dec. 1879. Bookkeeper, clerk. Born at Charnock Moss, Penwortham, Lancashire, England. Son of Thomas Clayton and Ann Critchley. Married Ruth Moon, 9 Oct. 1836, at Penwortham. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Heber...
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recorded a rumor in JS’s journal that the posse attempting to arrest JS for extradition to
Missouri
Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...
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had used Davis’s tavern as a base of operations.
4
JS, Journal, 3 Sept. 1842.

JS swore out another complaint against
Davis
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on 29 November, claiming he had learned that Davis had again insulted his character on 25 November.
Wells
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, a
Nauvoo
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alderman with authority to act as a justice of the peace in and for Nauvoo, heard the complaint.
5
This complaint was one of two JS swore out before Wells on 29 November. The other accused Thomas Hunter of violating the city statute concerning religious societies by maligning JS, thereby “depreciating” his moral and religious character. (Complaint against Thomas Hunter, 29 Nov. 1842.)
Acting on behalf of Wells, city recorder
James Sloan
28 Oct. 1792–24 Oct. 1886. City recorder, notary public, attorney, judge, farmer. Born in Donaghmore, Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Alexander Sloan and Anne. Married Mary Magill. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Ordained an elder, ...
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wrote up JS’s complaint, which JS then signed and Wells certified.

Based on JS’s complaint against
Davis
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,
Wells
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issued a warrant for Davis’s arrest, subpoenaed witnesses, and set a trial for the next day. At ten o’clock in the morning on 30 November, the city aldermen assembled to try the case. After the witnesses testified,
Chauncey L. Higbee
7 Sept. 1821–7 Dec. 1884. Lawyer, banker, politician, judge. Born in Tate Township, Clermont Co., Ohio. Son of Elias Higbee and Sarah Elizabeth Ward. Lived in Fulton, Hamilton Co., Ohio, 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1832...
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—Davis’s attorney—claimed that the prosecution had not produced evidence “to support a breach of the Ordinance” in JS’s complaint. Accordingly, he argued that the city should be nonsuited with costs. After hearing a discussion among Higbee, JS, and city attorney
George Stiles
18 July 1816–Sept. 1885. Attorney, judge, politician. Born in Watertown, Jefferson Co., New York. Son of John Stiles and Persis Cole. Moved to Le Ray, Jefferson Co., by 1820. Moved to Pamela, Jefferson Co., by 1830. Married first Julian Mackemer, 7 Nov. 1841...
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, the court agreed with Higbee.
6
Nauvoo Municipal Court Docket Book, 10–11 (second numbering).

In the 30 November 1842 entry of JS’s journal,
Clayton
17 July 1814–4 Dec. 1879. Bookkeeper, clerk. Born at Charnock Moss, Penwortham, Lancashire, England. Son of Thomas Clayton and Ann Critchley. Married Ruth Moon, 9 Oct. 1836, at Penwortham. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Heber...
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attributed the nonsuit to “the informality of the writ drawn by
Esqr. Wells
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.”
7
JS, Journal, 30 Nov. 1842.
Subsequent events suggest, however, that the issue was the city ordinance JS had accused
Davis
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of violating in the complaint. After the trial, JS swore out a second complaint related to the 25 November incident, this time merely accusing Davis of “indecent unbecoming, abusive ridiculous Language concerning the acts and Character” of JS, which presumably violated the ordinance relating to vagrants and disorderly persons, though the complaint did not specify which ordinance Davis had violated.
8
JS, Complaint, 30 Nov. 1842, photocopy, JS Collection, CHL, original in private possession; Minutes, 13 Nov. 1841.
Smith, Joseph. Collection, 1827–1846. CHL. MS 155.
A trial based on this second complaint was held before the municipal court on 3 December 1842, and the court found Davis guilty.
9
Davis subsequently appealed to the
Hancock County
Formed from Pike Co., 1825. Described in 1837 as predominantly prairie and “deficient in timber.” Early settlers came mainly from mid-Atlantic and southern states. Population in 1835 about 3,200; in 1840 about 9,900; and in 1844 at least 15,000. Carthage ...
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Circuit Court, which dismissed the case in May 1843 on the grounds that the municipal court lacked jurisdiction.
10
No extant records explicitly state why the court believed the municipal court lacked jurisdiction. One possibility is that while the ordinance regarding vagrants and disorderly persons gave either the mayor’s court or the municipal court original jurisdiction, the municipal court had authority to function only as an appellate court according to the Nauvoo charter. The same day it dismissed Nauvoo’s case against Davis, the Hancock County Circuit Court also dismissed one of JS’s complaints against Thomas Hunter that was tried under similar circumstances. (Hancock Co., IL, Circuit Court Records, 1829–1897, vol. C, pp. 409, 473, microfilm 947,496, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Minutes, 13 Nov. 1841; Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.)

See also Introduction to City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–B and City of Nauvoo v. Davis for Slander of JS–C.
Footnotes
[1]
“Good News from America,” Millennial Star, July 1840, 1:63.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
[2]
According to minutes of the trial that stemmed from this interaction, Davis claimed that JS had promised to pay a debt in the spring of 1842 but had not done so. JS claimed that he had offered to pay the debt using land but that Davis would accept only cash. (Minutes, 10 Mar. 1842, City of Nauvoo v. Davis [Nauvoo Mun. Ct. 1842], Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.)
[3]
Minutes, 10 Mar. 1842, City of Nauvoo v. Davis (Nauvoo Mun. Ct. 1842), Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; Nauvoo Municipal Court Docket Book, 4 (second numbering).
[4]
JS, Journal, 3 Sept. 1842.
[5]
This complaint was one of two JS swore out before Wells on 29 November. The other accused Thomas Hunter of violating the city statute concerning religious societies by maligning JS, thereby “depreciating” his moral and religious character. (Complaint against Thomas Hunter, 29 Nov. 1842.)
[6]
[7]
JS, Journal, 30 Nov. 1842.
[8]
JS, Complaint, 30 Nov. 1842, photocopy, JS Collection, CHL, original in private possession; Minutes, 13 Nov. 1841.
[9]
[10]
No extant records explicitly state why the court believed the municipal court lacked jurisdiction. One possibility is that while the ordinance regarding vagrants and disorderly persons gave either the mayor’s court or the municipal court original jurisdiction, the municipal court had authority to function only as an appellate court according to the Nauvoo charter. The same day it dismissed Nauvoo’s case against Davis, the Hancock County Circuit Court also dismissed one of JS’s complaints against Thomas Hunter that was tried under similar circumstances. (Hancock Co., IL, Circuit Court Records, 1829–1897, vol. C, pp. 409, 473, microfilm 947,496, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Minutes, 13 Nov. 1841; Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.)
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State of Illinois)

City of
Nauvoo
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)

Personally appeared before me
Daniel H. Wells
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one of the Justices of the Peace and an Alderman in and for the City of
Nauvoo
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, Joseph Smith who being first duly Sworn according to Law, Deposeth and Saith that he has been informed and verily believes that on or about the 25th. instant one
Amos Davis
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of the
City
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and
State
Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...
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aforesaid did use and make ridiculous and abusive language concerning Deponents Character, thereby depreciating Deponents moral and religious Character,— and Deponent <further> Saith that the said
Amos Davis
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did make use of the said language contrary to an Ordinance of said
City
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, entitled, “an Ordinance in relation to religious Societies,”
1
Minutes, 1 Mar. 1841.
and further this Deponent Saith not.

Signature of JS.
Joseph Smith

Certification by Daniel H. Wells in the handwriting of James Sloan.
Subscribed and Sworn to)

before me this 29th. day of)

November A.D. 1842)

Signature of Daniel H. Wells.
D. H Wells
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, Alderman [p. [1]]
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