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Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 13 March 1842

Source Note

Parley P. Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

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, Letter,
Liverpool

Seaport, city, county borough, and market-town in northwestern England. Experienced exponential growth during nineteenth century. Population in 1830 about 120,000. Population in 1841 about 290,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries to England arrived in...

More Info
, Lancashire, England, to JS and the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 13 Mar. 1842; handwriting of
Parley P. Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
; three pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes addresses and docket.
Bifolium measuring 13 × 8¼ inches (33 × 21 cm). The bifolium was originally part of a larger book used as a ship’s passenger manifest. Each preprinted page includes eight columns of varying widths demarcated by red vertical lines. Red horizontal lines create a header row containing column titles: “No. of Ticket.”, “NAMES.”, “Age.”, “Under 14.”, “Under 7.”, “Infts.”, “OCCUPATION.”, and “WHERE BOUND TO.” Below the header row, each page is ruled with forty blue horizontal lines. The text of the letter is written across the columns of the first three pages. The bifolium was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed with both the mailing address and return mailing information, and sealed with two red adhesive wafers. Remnants of the adhesive wafers are on the verso of the second leaf. The letter was later refolded for filing.
The document was docketed by
William Clayton

17 July 1814–4 Dec. 1879. Bookkeeper, clerk. Born at Charnock Moss, Penwortham, Lancashire, England. Son of Thomas Clayton and Ann Critchley. Married Ruth Moon, 9 Oct. 1836, at Penwortham. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Heber...

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, who served as scribe to JS from 1842 to 1844 and as
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
temple recorder from 1842 to 1846.
1

JS, Journal, 29 June 1842; “Clayton, William,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:718; Clayton, History of the Nauvoo Temple, 18, 30–31.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.

Clayton, William. History of the Nauvoo Temple, ca. 1845. CHL. MS 3365.

It may be one of the 1842 letters from
Parley P. Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
listed in inventories that were produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904.
2

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2]; “Index to Papers in the Historian’s Office,” ca. 1904, 7, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
3

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The document’s early docket as well as its possible inclusion in the circa 1904 inventories and its inclusion in the JS Collection by 1973 indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 29 June 1842; “Clayton, William,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:718; Clayton, History of the Nauvoo Temple, 18, 30–31.

    Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.

    Clayton, William. History of the Nauvoo Temple, ca. 1845. CHL. MS 3365.

  2. [2]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2]; “Index to Papers in the Historian’s Office,” ca. 1904, 7, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  3. [3]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 13 March 1842
apostle

A title indicating one sent forth to preach; later designated as a specific ecclesiastical and priesthood office. By 1830, JS and Oliver Cowdery were designated as apostles. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church explained that an “apostle is an elder...

View Glossary
Parley P. Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
wrote to JS and the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, concerning a new plan to acquire goods and funds to help streamline the migration of British Saints to the
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
. In April 1841 the apostles in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
reported that voyages to
New Orleans

Settled by French, 1717. Acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. City, port of entry, and parish seat of justice. Population in 1840 about 100,000. Important trade center on Mississippi River. Branch of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints established...

More Info
were less expensive than voyages to
New York

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

More Info
but that “it will never do for emigrants to go by New Orleans in the Summer on account of the heat and sickness of the climate.”
1

“An Epistle of the Twelve,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1841, 1:311.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

Therefore, the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
did not charter vessels in summer 1841. From September 1841 through February 1842, the church chartered five ships that carried approximately 990 converts to New Orleans.
2

Sonne, Ships, Saints, and Mariners, 148. The ships were the Tyrian, Chaos, Tremont, Hope, and John Cumming.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Sonne, Conway B. Ships, Saints, and Mariners: A Maritime Encyclopedia of Mormon Migration, 1830–1890. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987.

A sixth vessel, the Hanover, was scheduled to depart on 14 March 1842 for the Saints’ final voyage before summer.
In his 13 March 1842 letter,
Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
introduced and recommended
Amos Fielding

16 July 1792–5 Aug. 1875. Clerk, matchmaker, surveyor. Born in Lancashire, England. Son of Matthew Fielding and Mary Cooper. Christened Anglican. Immigrated to U.S., 1811; returned to Lancashire, by 1829. Married Mary Haydock, 28 June 1829, in Eccleston, ...

View Full Bio
, who planned to depart the following day on the Hanover. Fielding was an English convert who was appointed in April 1841 “to superintend the fitting out of the Saints from
Liverpool

Seaport, city, county borough, and market-town in northwestern England. Experienced exponential growth during nineteenth century. Population in 1830 about 120,000. Population in 1841 about 290,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries to England arrived in...

More Info
to
America

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
.”
3

“An Epistle of the Twelve,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1841, 1:311.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

Pratt explained that Fielding wanted to secure an emigration agent in
New Orleans

Settled by French, 1717. Acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. City, port of entry, and parish seat of justice. Population in 1840 about 100,000. Important trade center on Mississippi River. Branch of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints established...

More Info
and organize travel up the
Mississippi River

Principal U.S. river running southward from Itasca Lake, Minnesota, to Gulf of Mexico. Covered 3,160-mile course, 1839 (now about 2,350 miles). Drains about 1,100,000 square miles. Steamboat travel on Mississippi very important in 1830s and 1840s for shipping...

More Info
to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
. In addition, Pratt explained that Fielding would arrange for gold and fabrics from
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
to be exchanged for flour and wheat from Nauvoo. Fielding would bring the flour and wheat with him when he returned to
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
to assist with emigration starting in September. The plan to exchange gold and goods was believed to be mutually beneficial. Nauvoo was functioning as a barter society with an abundance of goods but little monetary wealth.
4

In a January 1842 letter to Pratt, Joseph Fielding described the economy in Nauvoo, stating that “almost all things here are carried on without the use of money.” (Joseph Fielding, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt, Jan. 1842, in Millennial Star, Aug. 1842, 3:79.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

Money was more readily available in Great Britain, but goods there were six times the price of goods in Nauvoo, according to Pratt.
5

Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 4 Dec. 1841.


Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
suggested he would send the letter via
George J. Adams

7 Nov. 1810–11 May 1880. Tailor, actor, clergyman. Born in Oxford, Sussex Co., New Jersey. Lived in Boston during 1820s and 1830s. Became Methodist lay preacher. Married Caroline. Moved to New York City, before 1840. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of...

View Full Bio
, who departed
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
for the
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
three days after Pratt wrote the letter.
6

Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.


The absence of postal markings suggests that the letter was hand delivered. JS responded to Pratt on 12 June 1842, noting that
Fielding

16 July 1792–5 Aug. 1875. Clerk, matchmaker, surveyor. Born in Lancashire, England. Son of Matthew Fielding and Mary Cooper. Christened Anglican. Immigrated to U.S., 1811; returned to Lancashire, by 1829. Married Mary Haydock, 28 June 1829, in Eccleston, ...

View Full Bio
would return to England as Pratt requested.
7

Hyrum Smith and JS, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt, Liverpool, England, 12 June 1842, CHL.


Footnotes

  1. [1]

    “An Epistle of the Twelve,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1841, 1:311.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  2. [2]

    Sonne, Ships, Saints, and Mariners, 148. The ships were the Tyrian, Chaos, Tremont, Hope, and John Cumming.

    Sonne, Conway B. Ships, Saints, and Mariners: A Maritime Encyclopedia of Mormon Migration, 1830–1890. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987.

  3. [3]

    “An Epistle of the Twelve,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1841, 1:311.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  4. [4]

    In a January 1842 letter to Pratt, Joseph Fielding described the economy in Nauvoo, stating that “almost all things here are carried on without the use of money.” (Joseph Fielding, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt, Jan. 1842, in Millennial Star, Aug. 1842, 3:79.)

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  5. [5]

    Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 4 Dec. 1841.

  6. [6]

    Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.

  7. [7]

    Hyrum Smith and JS, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt, Liverpool, England, 12 June 1842, CHL.

Page [3]

I am pr[i]nting his account of the mission to
Jerusalem

Capital city of ancient Judea. Holy city of Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Population in 1835 about 11,000; in 1840 about 13,000; and in 1850 about 15,000. Described in 1836 as “greatly reduced from its ancient size and importance.” Control of city changed...

More Info
4

In the March 1842 issue of the Millennial Star, Pratt printed a portion of a letter Hyde wrote on 1 January 1842. (“Highly Interesting from Jerusalem,” Millennial Star, Mar. 1842, 2:166–169; Hyde, Voice from Jerusalem, 6–20.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

Hyde, Orson. A Voice from Jerusalem, or a Sketch of the Travels and Ministry of Elder Orson Hyde, Missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, to Germany, Constantinople, and Jerusalem. Liverpool: P. P. Pratt, 1842.

and Will send a Coppy next week to be Reprinted by you.
5

On 1 June 1842 the Times and Seasons republished the excerpt of Hyde’s letter printed in the March 1842 issue of the Millennial Star. (“Highly Interesting from Jerusalem,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1842, 3:804–805.)


Elder

A male leader in the church generally; an ecclesiastical and priesthood office or one holding that office; a proselytizing missionary. The Book of Mormon explained that elders ordained priests and teachers and administered “the flesh and blood of Christ unto...

View Glossary
G[eorge] J, Adams has been to sea ten weeks and is Blown Back to this port.
6

Adams departed Liverpool on the Mersey on 31 December 1841. The first eight days of the voyage were marked by “fair wind and good weather,” but the duration of the voyage was marked by stormy weather. A weeklong tempest began on 6 February 1842, damaging the ship and forcing the company to return to Liverpool. The company arrived on 25 February 1842. (Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.)


With the Conversion of many of the Ship Company. he will sail again tuesday next for
New York

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

More Info
.
7

Three days later, on 16 March 1842, Adams departed Liverpool on the Sheridan, a packet ship bound for New York. (Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.)


he is well. I think I shall send this line by him.
Great War in India, the British army is Slaughtered by the natives.
8

Pratt was alluding to recent developments in the First Anglo-Afghan War, which involved Afghanistan and British-governed India. Pratt provided more details in an article published a month earlier: “War has suddenly commenced in India, and a large tract of country is in a state of insurrection, and the people in arms against the British forces, whose officers were massacred, detachments cut in pieces, large bodies of troops blockaded, almost without provisions or ammunition, the English government fearing to hear every day that these too have surrendered or been massacred.” (“War,” Millennial Star, Feb. 1842, 2:160, emphasis in original.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

Great Distress in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
,
9

Pratt was referring to the increasing civil unrest resulting from the Corn Laws, which restricted the importation of grain into the United Kingdom. (See Letter from Alfred Cordon, 17 Feb. 1842.)


thousands are looking to us and our god for Deliverance, and flocking to our ships for the Land of Joseph, Both
Baptised

An ordinance in which an individual is immersed in water for the remission of sins. The Book of Mormon explained that those with necessary authority were to baptize individuals who had repented of their sins. Baptized individuals also received the gift of...

View Glossary
and unbaptised.
In haste I Remain Yours in the
N, C, [new and everlasting covenant]

Generally referred to the “fulness of the gospel”—the sum total of the church’s message, geared toward establishing God’s covenant people on the earth; also used to describe individual elements of the gospel, including marriage. According to JS, the everlasting...

View Glossary
P[arley] P, Pratt

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
P, S,
El, [Lorenzo] Barnes

22 Mar. 1812–20 Dec. 1842. Teacher. Born in Tolland, Hampden Co., Massachusetts. Son of Phineas Barnes and Abigail Smith. Moved to eastern Ohio, 1815. Moved to Norton, Medina Co., Ohio, 1816. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June...

View Full Bio
has safely arived, and is Doing good.
10

On 31 August 1841 the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles voted that Elder Lorenzo Barnes “proce[e]d on his mission to England without delay.” (Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 31 Aug. 1841.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.

I Rec’d a line from three of the
twelve

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
Dated
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
feb 1st Josephs translating Room for Which I feel thankful. and shall be glad to assist in arrangements, for the temporal or Spiritual good of the cause, Both sides of the water.
P

12 Apr. 1807–13 May 1857. Farmer, editor, publisher, teacher, school administrator, legislator, explorer, author. Born at Burlington, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Traveled west with brother William to acquire land, 1823....

View Full Bio
Excuse this hasty Line and good night, God Bless you All. [p. [3]]
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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 13 March 1842
ID #
787
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D9:243–248
Handwriting on This Page
  • Parley P. Pratt

Footnotes

  1. [4]

    In the March 1842 issue of the Millennial Star, Pratt printed a portion of a letter Hyde wrote on 1 January 1842. (“Highly Interesting from Jerusalem,” Millennial Star, Mar. 1842, 2:166–169; Hyde, Voice from Jerusalem, 6–20.)

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

    Hyde, Orson. A Voice from Jerusalem, or a Sketch of the Travels and Ministry of Elder Orson Hyde, Missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, to Germany, Constantinople, and Jerusalem. Liverpool: P. P. Pratt, 1842.

  2. [5]

    On 1 June 1842 the Times and Seasons republished the excerpt of Hyde’s letter printed in the March 1842 issue of the Millennial Star. (“Highly Interesting from Jerusalem,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1842, 3:804–805.)

  3. [6]

    Adams departed Liverpool on the Mersey on 31 December 1841. The first eight days of the voyage were marked by “fair wind and good weather,” but the duration of the voyage was marked by stormy weather. A weeklong tempest began on 6 February 1842, damaging the ship and forcing the company to return to Liverpool. The company arrived on 25 February 1842. (Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.)

  4. [7]

    Three days later, on 16 March 1842, Adams departed Liverpool on the Sheridan, a packet ship bound for New York. (Letter from George J. Adams, 21 Apr. 1842.)

  5. [8]

    Pratt was alluding to recent developments in the First Anglo-Afghan War, which involved Afghanistan and British-governed India. Pratt provided more details in an article published a month earlier: “War has suddenly commenced in India, and a large tract of country is in a state of insurrection, and the people in arms against the British forces, whose officers were massacred, detachments cut in pieces, large bodies of troops blockaded, almost without provisions or ammunition, the English government fearing to hear every day that these too have surrendered or been massacred.” (“War,” Millennial Star, Feb. 1842, 2:160, emphasis in original.)

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  6. [9]

    Pratt was referring to the increasing civil unrest resulting from the Corn Laws, which restricted the importation of grain into the United Kingdom. (See Letter from Alfred Cordon, 17 Feb. 1842.)

  7. [10]

    On 31 August 1841 the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles voted that Elder Lorenzo Barnes “proce[e]d on his mission to England without delay.” (Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 31 Aug. 1841.)

    Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.

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