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Book of Abraham Excerpt and Facsimile 2, 15 March 1842 [Abraham 2:19–5:21]

Source Note

Book of Abraham excerpt and Facsimile 2 in “The Book of Abraham,” Times and Seasons, 15 Mar. 1842, vol. 3, no. 10, [719]–722. The facsimile was printed separately on an oversized sheet measuring 11⅞ × 8⅝ inches (30 × 22 cm). This sheet was tipped in, or pasted into, the issue and folded in half to fit evenly among the other leaves of the issue. For more complete source information, see the source note for Book of Abraham and Facsimiles, 1 Mar.–16 May 1842.

Historical Introduction

In March 1842 JS began publishing serial installments of the Book of Abraham—along with illustrations, known as facsimiles, copied from Egyptian papyri he acquired in 1835—in the periodical Times and Seasons. The representative sample selected for inclusion in this volume is taken from the second installment, printed in the 15 March 1842 issue of the Times and Seasons, which included a printed facsimile of one of the Egyptian texts.
In July 1835 traveling exhibitor arrived in , Ohio, with a collection of Egyptian antiquities, including four mummies and an assortment of papyri inscribed with hieroglyphic and hieratic characters and illustrations, known as vignettes. JS identified some of the writings as accounts of the biblical patriarchs Abraham and Joseph, and he and other investors purchased the collection for $2,400. Between July and late November 1835, JS produced manuscripts that represented a portion of what became known as the “Book of Abraham.” Though news of JS’s translation quickly spread through the church and the local community, only a select few of JS’s associates appear to have had firsthand knowledge of the Abraham text in 1835. Church leaders evidently planned to publish some of the Egyptian-related manuscripts in 1837, but those plans were aborted presumably when JS and other Latter-day Saints were forced to leave Kirtland for in 1838.
In late 1841 and early 1842, JS took steps that enabled him to resume his translation efforts and publish portions of the Book of Abraham in the Times and Seasons. In August 1841 JS delegated responsibilities associated with the “business of the church” to the in order to “relieve him so that he might attend to the business of translating.” In February 1842 he assumed editorship of the Times and Seasons and resumed translating portions of the Egyptian papyri in earnest. , who had been recently appointed to work alongside JS and in the , noted JS’s renewed translation efforts in a 19 February journal entry: “The Lord is Blessing Joseph with Power to reveal the mysteries of the kingdom of God; to translate through the Ancient records & Hyeroglyphics as old as Abraham or Adam.” In a circa 1 March 1842 unpublished draft of an editorial for the newspaper, JS conveyed his intention to publish serial excerpts from his translation of the Bible and the Book of Abraham, stating that he would “contin[u]e to translate & publish as fast as possible till the whole is completed.” The first installment of the Book of Abraham was published in the 1 March 1842 issue of the Times and Seasons and included thirteen verses. That installment was derived from the manuscripts originally produced in between July and November 1835.
Entries in JS’s journal indicate that he continued to translate and produce new content from the Egyptian papyri following the 1 March installment of the Book of Abraham. An 8 March entry states that he “Commenced Translating from the Book of Abraham, for the 10 No of the Times and seasons,” a reference to the upcoming 15 March issue. On the morning of 9 March, JS conducted church business and edited some content for the newspaper and then “continu[e]d the Translation of the Book of Abraham” in the afternoon. After taking a break to attend to other church business, he “continued translating & revising” later that day.
JS published nineteen more verses of the Book of Abraham in the 15 March 1842 issue of the Times and Seasons. These verses were likely derived from a manuscript that JS dictated the previous week. In his journal, characterized this installment as “the portion of the Book of Abraham that gave his account of Kolob, Oliblish, God siting upon his Throne The Earth other planets & many great & glorious things as revealed to Abraham through the power of the priesthood.”
In addition to publishing the verses from the Book of Abraham, the 15 March issue of the Times and Seasons included a printed facsimile of an Egyptian hypocephalus and an accompanying explanation. The hypocephalus from which the facsimile was copied is no longer extant. It appears that a portion of the hypocephalus was damaged or missing and that JS, church member , or someone else involved in the production of the facsimile used figures and hieratic characters depicted on other portions of the papyri to fill in the gaps. In late February 1842 JS commissioned Hedlock to carve woodcuts of the hypocephalus and two vignettes depicted on the papyri; the woodcuts were used to create the dies for the metal printing plates from which the three illustrations were printed. At least some portions of the explanation appear to be derived from earlier translation efforts. The hypocephalus and its attending explanation were eventually inserted as a gatefold between pages 720 and 721 in the 15 March issue of the Times and Seasons. According to , the 15 March issue was printed on 19 March, and it was presumably sent to subscribers and made available for sale in , Illinois, sometime within the next few days.
Following the publication of the Book of Abraham in the Times and Seasons, several people made observations about, brought attention to, or reprinted portions of the work. On the day the 15 March 1842 issue was printed, , who had been intimately involved in the publication, noted in his journal, “The truths of the Book of Abraham are truly edifying great & glorious which are among the rich treasures that are revealed unto us in the last days.” Three months later he wrote a letter to fellow apostle , informing him that “the Saints abroad manifest much interest in the Book of Abraham in the T[imes] & Seasons.” Pratt, who was head of the mission in and editor of the church-owned Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star, reprinted the Book of Abraham for his British readers with “much pleasure.”
Wider press coverage of the publication of the Book of Abraham ranged in tone from fascination to derision. On 2 April the New-York Tribune briefly acknowledged that “the Mormons have found a new book called the Book of Abraham” and that JS was translating it. On 3 April the New-York Herald republished the first installment of the book and two days later highlighted the publication of “another slice of the ‘Book of Abraham,’ embracing a synopsis of his geology and astronomy, illustrated with a curious map of the Mormon Solar System”—a reference to the second portion printed in the Times and Seasons. The same month, the Dollar Weekly Bostonian reproduced the first installment of the Book of Abraham; while acknowledging that reproducing the facsimile found in the first installment came at “some expense,” the editor asserted, “We care not for that so long as we please our patrons.” In July the Baptist paper Witness briefly acknowledged the content of the 15 March issue of the Times and Seasons and JS’s “blundering imitation of the history of Abraham.”
In 1851 included the Book of Abraham along with other revelatory texts JS produced in a collection titled The Pearl of Great Price, a revised version of which was canonized as church scripture in 1880.
See also Historical Introduction to Book of Abraham and Facsimiles, 1 Mar.–16 May 1842.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    For a more comprehensive treatment of the Book of Abraham and related documents produced in Kirtland, Ohio, and Nauvoo, Illinois, see The Joseph Smith Papers: Revelations and Translations, Volume 4.

  2. [2]

    See Book of Abraham Manuscripts, ca. July–ca. Nov. 1835.

  3. [3]

    William W. Phelps, Kirtland, OH, to Sally Waterman Phelps, Liberty, MO, 20 July 1835, in Historical Department, Journal History of the Church, 20 July 1835; Lyman, Journal, 11 July 1835; “Another Humbug,” Cleveland Whig, 5 Aug. 1835, [1]. JS did not translate in the conventional sense of the word. For more on JS’s use of the word translation as it applied to various projects, see “Joseph Smith Documents Dating through June 1831”; and “Joseph Smith as Revelator and Translator.”

    Historical Department. Journal History of the Church, 1896–. CHL. CR 100 137.

    Lyman, Amasa. Journals, 1832–1877. Amasa Lyman Collection, 1832–1877. CHL. MS 829, boxes 1–3.

    Cleveland Whig. Cleveland. 1834–1836.

  4. [4]

    Minute Book 1, 5 Nov. 1837. JS may have translated a portion of the Egyptian papyri in 1839. In fall 1839 church member Elizabeth Haven reported that during the October conference JS “related some very interesting facts which he has lately translated from the reccords which came with the Mummies.” (Elizabeth Haven, Quincy, IL, to Elizabeth Howe Bullard, Holliston, MA, 21, 28, and 30 Sept. 1839; 6–9 Oct. 1839, Barlow Family Collection, 1816–1969, CHL.)

    Barlow Family Collection, 1816–1969. CHL.

  5. [5]

    Building a new community and attending to the constant press of ecclesiastical and business responsibilities appear to have hindered JS’s translation work before that time. In June 1840 JS asked the Nauvoo, Illinois, high council to relieve him from such obligations so that he could “devote himself exclusively to those things which relate to Spiritualities of the church and commence the work of translating the ejyptian Records— the Bible,” and other revelations, but there is no evidence that he returned to translating at that time. (Memorial to Nauvoo High Council, 18 June 1840.)

  6. [6]

    “At a Special Conference of the Church,” Times and Seasons, 1 Sept. 1841, 2:521–522.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  7. [7]

    Historical Introduction to Times and Seasons, 1 Mar. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 3 and 19 Feb. 1842. JS reportedly had an office in Nauvoo, Illinois, that Parley P. Pratt described as “Josephs translating Room.” (Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 13 Mar. 1842.)

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  8. [8]

    Editorial, ca. 1 Mar. 1842, Draft.

  9. [9]

    Book of Abraham and Facsimiles, 1 Mar.–16 May 1842.

  10. [10]

    See Book of Abraham Manuscripts, ca. July–ca. Nov. 1835.

  11. [11]

    JS, Journal, 8–9 Mar. 1842. On 9 March 1842 JS also wrote a letter to recent convert Edward Hunter, informing him that he was “now very busily engaged in Translating.” (Letter to Edward Hunter, 9 and 11 Mar. 1842.)

  12. [12]

    Only a single leaf of this manuscript is apparently extant. The leaf is numbered 7 and 8 on the recto and verso sides, respectively, and it begins and ends in incomplete sentences. These textual aspects of the leaf indicate that it was likely originally part of a larger manuscript. (Book of Abraham Manuscript, 8–ca. 15 Mar. 1842 [Abraham 3:18–26].)

  13. [13]

    Woodruff, Journal, 19 Mar. 1842.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  14. [14]

    A hypocephalus is a circular object made of papyrus, linen, wood, clay, or metal that Egyptians traditionally placed beneath the head of a deceased person before interment. (See Rhodes, “Joseph Smith Hypocephalus,” 1; Ritner, Joseph Smith Egyptian Papyri, 263; and Gee, “Towards an Interpretation of Hypocephali,” 332–334.)

    Rhodes, Michael D. The Joseph Smith Hypocephalus . . . Seventeen Years Later. FARMS Preliminary Reports. Provo, UT: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1994.

    Ritner, Robert K. The Joseph Smith Egyptian Papyri: A Complete Edition, P. JS 1–4 and the Hypocephalus of Sheshonq. Salt Lake City: Smith-Pettit Foundation, 2011.

    Gee, John. “Towards an Interpretation of Hypocephali.” In Mélanges offerts à Edith Varga: “Le lotus qui sort de terre,” edited by Hedvig Györy, 325–334. Budapest: Musée Hongrois des Beaux- Arts, 2001.

  15. [15]

    See Facsimile Printing Plates and Published Book of Abraham, ca. 23 Feb.–ca. 16 May 1842.

  16. [16]

    JS, Journal, 23 Feb. 1842; 1 and 4 Mar. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 21–26 Feb. 1842; Facsimile Printing Plates and Published Book of Abraham, ca. 23 Feb.–ca. 16 May 1842.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  17. [17]

    See Historical Introduction to Explanation of Facsimile 2, ca. 15 Mar. 1842; and Historical Introduction to Grammar and Alphabet of the Egyptian Language, ca. July–ca. Nov. 1835.

  18. [18]

    Woodruff, Journal, 19 Mar. 1842.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  19. [19]

    Woodruff, Journal, 19 Mar. 1842.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  20. [20]

    Wilford Woodruff, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt, Liverpool, England, 18 June 1842, Parley P. Pratt, Correspondence, CHL.

    Pratt, Parley P. Correspondence, 1842–1855. CHL. MS 897.

  21. [21]

    “The Book of Abraham,” Millennial Star, July 1842, 3:33–36 [Abraham 1:1–2:18]; “The Book of Abraham,” Millennial Star, Aug. 1842, 3:49–53 [Abraham 2:19–5:21]; [Parley P. Pratt], Editorial, Millennial Star, July 1842, 3:46.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  22. [22]

    News Item, New-York Tribune (New York City), 2 Apr. 1842, [2].

    New-York Tribune. New York City. 1841–1842.

  23. [23]

    “The Mormons—a Leaf from Joe Smith,” New York Herald (New York City), 3 Apr. 1842, [2]; “More Prophecy,” New York Herald, 5 Apr. 1842, [2].

    New York Herald. New York City. 1835–1924.

  24. [24]

    The article was reprinted in the Times and Seasons as “The Mormons—Joe Smith, the Prophet,” Times and Seasons, 16 May 1842, 3:796–797.

  25. [25]

    “Mormon Blasphemy,” Witness (Pittsburgh, PA), July 1842, 34. Samuel Williams, the editor and publisher of the Witness, published an inflammatory tract titled Mormonism Exposed several weeks later. (“Mormonism Exposed,” Iron City, and Pittsburgh Weekly Chronicle, 28 May 1842, [3]; 4 June 1842, [1]–[2]; 11 June 1842, [1]–[2].)

    The Witness. Pittsburgh. 1842.

    Iron City, and Pittsburgh Weekly Chronicle. Pittsburgh. 1841–1845.

  26. [26]

    Pearl of Great Price, 1851 ed., 18–29; Pearl of Great Price, 1878 ed., 55; “Fiftieth Semi-annual Conference,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 13 Oct. 1880, 588; Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 2:234–238.

    The Pearl of Great Price: Being a Choice Selection from the Revelations, Translations, and Narrations of Joseph Smith, First Prophet, Seer, and Revelator to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Liverpool: F. D. Richards, 1851.

    The Pearl of Great Price: Being a Choice Selection from the Revelations, Translations and Narrations of Joseph Smith, First Prophet, Seer, and Revelator to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Latter-day Saints’ Printing and Publishing Establishment, 1878.

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

Page 720

Olea, which is the moon. And he said unto me, Kokaubeam, which signifies stars, or all the great lights, which were in the firmament of heaven. And it was in the night time when the Lord spake these words unto me, I will multiply thee, and thy seed after thee, like unto these; and if thou canst count the number of sands so shall be the number of thy seeds.
20. And the Lord said unto me, Abraham, I shew these things unto thee, before ye go into Egypt, that ye may declare all these words. If two things exist, and there be one above the other, there shall be greater things above them; therefore, Kolob is the greatest of all the Kokaubeam that thou hast seen, because it is nearest unto me: now if there be two things, one above the other, and the Moon be above the earth, then it may be that a planet, or a star may exist above it, and there is nothing that the Lord thy God shall take in his heart to do, but what he will do it: Howbeit that he made the greater star, as, also, if there be two spirits, and one shall be more intelligent than the other, yet these two spirits, notwithstanding one is more intelligent than the other, yet they have no beginning, they existed before; they shall have no end, they shall exist after, for they are Gnolaum, or Eternal.
21. And the Lord said unto me, these two facts do exist, that there are two spirits, one being more intelligent than the other, there shall be another more intelligent than they: I am the Lord thy God, I am more intelligent than they all. The Lord thy God sent his angel to deliver thee from the hands of the Priest of Elkenah. I dwell in the midst of them all; I, now, therefore, have come down unto thee, to deliver unto thee the works which my hands have made, wherein my wisdom excelleth them all, for I rule in the heavens above, and in the earth beneath, in all wisdom and prudence, over all the intelligencies thine eyes have seen from the beginning; I came down in the beginning in the midst of all the intelligencies thou hast seen.
22. Now the lord had shewn unto me, Abraham, the intelligences that were organized before the world was; and among all these there were many of the noble and great ones, and God saw these souls that they were good, and he stood in the midst of them, and he said, these, I will make my rulers; for he stood among those that were spirits, and he saw that they were good; and he said unto me, Abraham, thou art one of them, thou wast chosen before thou wast born. And there stood one among them that was like unto God, and he said unto those, who were with him, we will go down, for there is space there, and we will take of these materials, and we will make an Earth whereon these may dwell; and we will prove them herewith, to see if they will do all things whatsoever the Lord their God shall command them; and they, who keep their first estate, shall be added upon; and they, who keep not their first estate, shall not have glory in the same kingdom, with those who keep their first estate; and they, who keep their second estate, shall have glory added upon their heads forever and ever.
23. And the Lord said, who shall I send? And one answered like unto the Son of Man, here am I, send me. And another answered and said, here am I, send me. And the Lord said, I will send the first. And the second was angry, and kept not his first estate, and, at that day, many followed after him. And then the Lord said, let us go down; and they went down at the beginning, and they organized and formed, (that is, the Gods,) the heavens and the earth. And the earth, after it was formed, was empty and desolate; because they had not formed anything but the earth: and darkness reigned upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of the Gods was brooding upon the faces of the water.
24. And they said, the Gods, let there be light, and there was light. And they, the Gods, comprehended the light, for it was bright; and they divided the light, or caused it to be divided from the darkness, and the Gods called the light day, and the darkness they called night. And it came to pass that from the evening until morning, they called night; and from the morning until the evening, they called day: and this was the first, or the beginning of that which they called day and night.
25. And the Gods also said let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and it shall divide the waters from the waters. And the Gods ordered the expanse, so that it divided the waters which were under the expanse, from the waters which were above the expanse: and it was so, even as they ordered. And the Gods called the expanse, heaven. And [p. 720]
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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Book of Abraham Excerpt and Facsimile 2, 15 March 1842 [Abraham 2:19–5:21]
ID #
789
Total Pages
5
Print Volume Location
JSP, D9:251–264
Handwriting on This Page
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Footnotes

  1. [2]

    See Genesis 22:17.

  2. [3]

    In the manuscript version of this text, Willard Richards inscribed the word “declare” rather than “deliver.” (Book of Abraham Manuscript, 8–ca. 15 Mar. 1842, p. 7 [Abraham 3:21].)

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