Footnotes

1. [1]

   Discourse, 7 Mar. 1844–A; Woodruff, Journal, 7 Mar. 1844.

   Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

2. [2]

   JS, Journal, 7 Mar. 1844.

3. [3]

   The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and other church leaders nominated JS as a presidential candidate on 29 January 1844. (Minutes and Discourse, 29 Jan. 1844.)

4. [4]

   Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 658–682.

   Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

5. [5]

   Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 672. During the late 1830s and early 1840s, Texas leaders received British officials, although it is unclear whether the Texians seriously considered a territorial agreement with Great Britain or instead used the meetings to entice the United States toward annexation.

   Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

6. [6]

   Haynes, Unfinished Revolution, chap. 10; Roeckell, “British Opposition to the Annexation of Texas,” 257–278; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 672.

   Haynes, Sam W. Unfinished Revolution: The Early American Republic in a British World. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.

   Roeckell, Lelia M. “Bonds over Bondage: British Opposition to the Annexation of Texas." Journal of the Early Republic 19, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 257–278.

   Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

7. [7]

   Greenberg, Wicked War, 15; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 679.

   Greenberg, Amy S. A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico. New York: Knopf, 2012.

   Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

8. [8]

   General Smith’s Views of the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States, ca. 26 Jan.–7 Feb. 1844; Brown, “An Antislavery Journey,” 548; Peterson, Great Triumvirate, 284–286.

   Brown, Ira V. “An Antislavery Journey: Garrison and Douglass in Pennsylvania, 1847." Pennsylvania History 67, no. 4 (2000): 532–550.

   Peterson, Merrill D. The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

9. [9]

   Antislavery Americans in the nineteenth century were divided on the question of whether those freed from slavery should be allowed to remain in their native states, permitted to move elsewhere in the United States, or sent to another country. For example, the American Colonization Society founded Liberia in western Africa as a home for formerly enslaved persons. JS never stated a definitive plan for those freed from slavery in this regard. (Sinha, Slave’s Cause, 161–171; Burstein and Isenberg, Madison and Jefferson, 576–577, 632–635; see also Historical Introduction to Bond to Elijah Able, 8 Dec. 1839.)

   Sinha, Manisha. The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.

   Burstein, Andrew, and Nancy Isenberg. Madison and Jefferson. New York: Random House, 2013.