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Letter from Joseph Wood, 14 March 1843

Source Note

Joseph Wood, Letter, Bonhomme Township, St. Louis Co., MO, to
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
and JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 14 Mar. 1843; handwriting and signature of Joseph Wood; three pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal notations, endorsement, dockets, and redaction.
Bifolium measuring 12½ × 7½ inches (32 × 19 cm). Each page is ruled with thirty-nine horizontal gray lines. The letter was inscribed on the first three pages; the fourth page is blank except for the address and later notations. The bifolium was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, sealed with a red adhesive wafer, and postmarked.
Upon receipt,
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
endorsed the letter. The letter was later refolded for filing. The letter was docketed twice by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
1

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

The letter was also docketed by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865.
2

Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

The letter was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904.
3

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973, the letter had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
4

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The letter’s early dockets, its listing in a circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  2. [2]

    Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  3. [3]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  4. [4]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 14 March 1843,
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
attorney and former Latter-day Saint Joseph Wood wrote from Bonhomme Township, Missouri, to
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
and JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, offering to defend
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
member
Orrin Porter Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
from charges of attempting to assassinate former Missouri governor
Lilburn W. Boggs

14 Dec. 1796–14 Mar. 1860. Bookkeeper, bank cashier, merchant, Indian agent and trader, lawyer, doctor, postmaster, politician. Born at Lexington, Fayette Co., Kentucky. Son of John M. Boggs and Martha Oliver. Served in War of 1812. Moved to St. Louis, ca...

View Full Bio
in May 1842. Although Wood had joined the church about a decade earlier, he was excommunicated on two different occasions, and he implied in the letter featured here that he was no longer participating in the church.
1

See Minute Book 1, 19 Mar. 1833. Wood was excommunicated on 3 February 1834 in Pontiac, Michigan Territory, for licentious sexual conduct. Although he was reinstated by 1840, in November of that year he was again excommunicated for “conduct unbecoming a man of God.” He evidently had not sought reinstatement by 1843. (Letter to J. G. Fosdick, 3 Feb. 1834; General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 36; News Item, Times and Seasons, 1 Mar. 1841, 2:335.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

He nevertheless maintained that he still believed in the faith and stated that he had no desire to see “one of my brethren” convicted of a crime.
Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
was taken into custody on 5 March 1843 while passing through
St. Louis

Located on west side of Mississippi River about fifteen miles south of confluence with Missouri River. Founded as fur-trading post by French settlers, 1764. Incorporated as town, 1809. First Mississippi steamboat docked by town, 1817. Incorporated as city...

More Info
under an assumed name.
2

“Orrin Porter Rockwell,” Daily Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 6 Mar. 1843, [3]; see also “Part 1: March 1843.”


Comprehensive Works Cited

Daily Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1869.

Wood learned of Rockwell’s arrest and visited him in the St. Louis County jail to offer legal counsel. He then wrote a letter addressed to
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
, although he clarified that its contents were indirectly addressed to JS, whom he referred to as “Rev. Joseph Smith.” Wood also mentioned “the counsel” and “The Presidency” as possible recipients, likely referring to the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
high council

A governing body of twelve high priests. The first high council was organized in Kirtland, Ohio, on 17 February 1834 “for the purpose of settling important difficulties which might arise in the church, which could not be settled by the church, or the bishop...

View Glossary
and the
First Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

View Glossary
.
3

Wood may not have been familiar with the church’s various governing bodies or common church vocabulary, as suggested by his use of “reverend,” a title rarely used by early Latter-day Saints to refer to JS.


Wood’s letter urged church leaders to hire him and another St. Louis lawyer,
Richard Blennerhassett

9 May 1811–25 Dec. 1857. Teacher, lawyer. Born at Conway Castle, Killorglin, County Kerry, Ireland. Son of Edward Blennerhassett and Alicia Spotswood. Member of Church of England. Married Theresa M. Byron. Migrated to Upper Canada, May 1831. Moved to Attica...

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, as soon as possible to act as Rockwell’s defense attorneys.
4

See also Letter to Richard Blennerhassett, 17 Mar. 1843.


Wood mailed the letter on 21 March; it evidently did not arrive in Nauvoo until 26 April, the day Whitney noted its receipt on the second leaf.
Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
presumably shared the letter with JS soon after receiving it. Although it is unknown whether JS responded, Wood did not represent
Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
. Ultimately, in August 1843 the court appointed prominent
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
attorney
Alexander Doniphan

9 July 1808–8 Aug. 1887. Lawyer, military general, insurance/bank executive. Born near Maysville, Mason Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Doniphan and Ann Smith. Father died, 1813; sent to live with older brother George, 1815, in Augusta, Bracken Co., Kentucky...

View Full Bio
, who had represented JS and other church members during the 1830s, to defend Rockwell.
5

See Transcript of Proceedings, 18 Nov. 1843, State of Missouri v. Rockwell (Clay Co. Cir. Ct. 1843), [6], Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historical Department. Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, ca. 1825–1890. CHL. CR 100 339.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See Minute Book 1, 19 Mar. 1833. Wood was excommunicated on 3 February 1834 in Pontiac, Michigan Territory, for licentious sexual conduct. Although he was reinstated by 1840, in November of that year he was again excommunicated for “conduct unbecoming a man of God.” He evidently had not sought reinstatement by 1843. (Letter to J. G. Fosdick, 3 Feb. 1834; General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 36; News Item, Times and Seasons, 1 Mar. 1841, 2:335.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  2. [2]

    “Orrin Porter Rockwell,” Daily Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 6 Mar. 1843, [3]; see also “Part 1: March 1843.”

    Daily Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1869.

  3. [3]

    Wood may not have been familiar with the church’s various governing bodies or common church vocabulary, as suggested by his use of “reverend,” a title rarely used by early Latter-day Saints to refer to JS.

  4. [4]

    See also Letter to Richard Blennerhassett, 17 Mar. 1843.

  5. [5]

    See Transcript of Proceedings, 18 Nov. 1843, State of Missouri v. Rockwell (Clay Co. Cir. Ct. 1843), [6], Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL.

    Historical Department. Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, ca. 1825–1890. CHL. CR 100 339.

Page [3]

man and never fails to come after in cases of <​me when persons​> Want to see me on business of importance.
If you do not send write to me, but if you intend to help
Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
you must send, if you write, direct the Letter To Joseph Wood Esqr
Attorney & Cou[n]sellor at Law & Solicitor in
Chancery

The court of chancery, also known as equity, emerged in fourteenth-century England as an alternative to the common law courts, which over preceding centuries had developed complicated and strict rules of procedure, governed by precedent. Partial compliance...

View Glossary
Manchester St Louis Missouri.
Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
has informed me that Bro
Don C[arlos] Smith

25 Mar. 1816–7 Aug. 1841. Farmer, printer, editor. Born at Norwich, Windsor Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York, 1816–Jan. 1817. Moved to Manchester, Ontario Co., 1825. Baptized into Church of Jesus...

View Full Bio
is dead, and there has been some disention among you,
11

Wood may have been referring to the disaffection that followed the excommunication of John C. Bennett in May 1842, when formerly committed Latter-day Saints such as George W. Robinson and Orson Pratt openly dissented from the church due to Bennett’s allegations against JS. (See Discourse, 29 Aug. 1842.)


for this I am sorry. On a settlement I owe
Don

25 Mar. 1816–7 Aug. 1841. Farmer, printer, editor. Born at Norwich, Windsor Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York, 1816–Jan. 1817. Moved to Manchester, Ontario Co., 1825. Baptized into Church of Jesus...

View Full Bio
a few Dollars which I will pay to his widow
12

Agnes Coolbrith Smith.


when I come up— I have intended to come to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
for some time, but I could not well leave off business, and besides, although I have money owing to me, yet it is as much as I can do to collect enough to pay my Board & defray my expenses at court—, and people never think of a Lawyer’s fee for six or eight months after receiving services, except in criminal cases; the truth <​is​> my debtors are good, but times are so hard that they cannot get money, and the releaf law is such, that by law, you <​I​> cannot colle[c]t under a year or fifteen months after commencing an action.
13

Following the economic panics of 1837 and 1839, many Americans struggled financially and availed themselves of state and federal relief laws. (See Balleisen, Navigating Failure, introduction and chap. 1; and An Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors [14 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1834–1835], pp. 330–331, sec. 21.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Balleisen, Edward J. Navigating Failure: Bankruptcy and Commercial Society in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

The Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, Revised and Digested by the Eighth General Assembly, During the Years One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Four, and One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Five. Together with the Constitutions of Missouri and of the United States. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Chambers and Knapp, 1841.

This letter is intended for Joseph & the counsel or those to whom you and Joseph may think meet to show it, as well as yourself—
Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

View Full Bio
told me to direct it to you.
14

Newel K. Whitney provided emotional and financial support for Rockwell while he was in hiding in 1842. In early October 1842, Whitney, who was maintaining JS’s store in Nauvoo, recorded in the store’s daybook two entries providing goods to Rockwell. On 1 December 1842, church member Sybella McMinn Armstrong wrote a letter to JS on Rockwell’s behalf, stating that “if Joseph is not at Home Brother Whitney will be kind enough to wr[i]te.” (JS, Daybook, 6 Oct. 1842, 71; Letter from Sybella McMinn Armstrong and Orrin Porter Rockwell, 1 Dec. 1842.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL.

Dear Brethren I am in the Abrahamick Faith, Your Brother Joseph Wood
To. Rev. Joseph Smith,
Bish.

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. JS appointed Edward Partridge as the first bishop in February 1831. Following this appointment, Partridge functioned as the local leader of the church in Missouri. Later revelations described a bishop’s duties as receiving...

View Glossary
N[ewel] K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
The Presidency.
N. B. I have written this in haste and have left out several things I would have stated had I had time. [p. [3]]
View entire transcript

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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page [3]

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Joseph Wood, 14 March 1843
ID #
1014
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D12:49–54
Handwriting on This Page
  • Joseph Wood

Footnotes

  1. [11]

    Wood may have been referring to the disaffection that followed the excommunication of John C. Bennett in May 1842, when formerly committed Latter-day Saints such as George W. Robinson and Orson Pratt openly dissented from the church due to Bennett’s allegations against JS. (See Discourse, 29 Aug. 1842.)

  2. [12]

    Agnes Coolbrith Smith.

  3. [13]

    Following the economic panics of 1837 and 1839, many Americans struggled financially and availed themselves of state and federal relief laws. (See Balleisen, Navigating Failure, introduction and chap. 1; and An Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors [14 Mar. 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1834–1835], pp. 330–331, sec. 21.)

    Balleisen, Edward J. Navigating Failure: Bankruptcy and Commercial Society in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

    The Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, Revised and Digested by the Eighth General Assembly, During the Years One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Four, and One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Five. Together with the Constitutions of Missouri and of the United States. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Chambers and Knapp, 1841.

  4. [14]

    Newel K. Whitney provided emotional and financial support for Rockwell while he was in hiding in 1842. In early October 1842, Whitney, who was maintaining JS’s store in Nauvoo, recorded in the store’s daybook two entries providing goods to Rockwell. On 1 December 1842, church member Sybella McMinn Armstrong wrote a letter to JS on Rockwell’s behalf, stating that “if Joseph is not at Home Brother Whitney will be kind enough to wr[i]te.” (JS, Daybook, 6 Oct. 1842, 71; Letter from Sybella McMinn Armstrong and Orrin Porter Rockwell, 1 Dec. 1842.)

    Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL.

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