Footnotes

1. [1]

   Jacob, Extract, [2]; Udney H. Jacob, La Harpe, IL, to Martin Van Buren, Washington DC, 19 Mar. 1840, microfilm, Illinois State Historical Society, Papers, CHL.  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

   Illinois State Historical Society, Papers, 1840–1845. CHL. Microfilm. MS 8180.

2. [2]

   Jacob, Extract, [1]; Udney H. Jacob to Oliver Granger, Commerce, IL, 3 Mar. 1840, copy, CHL; Udney H. Jacob, La Harpe, IL, to Martin Van Buren, Washington DC, 19 Mar. 1840, microfilm, Illinois State Historical Society, Papers, CHL.  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

   Jacob, Udney H. Letter, to Oliver Granger, Commerce, IL, 3 Mar. 1840. Copy. CHL.

   Illinois State Historical Society, Papers, 1840–1845. CHL. Microfilm. MS 8180.

3. [3]

   Udney H. Jacob to Oliver Granger, Commerce, IL, 3 Mar. 1840, copy, CHL.  

   Jacob, Udney H. Letter, to Oliver Granger, Commerce, IL, 3 Mar. 1840. Copy. CHL.

4. [4]

   Udney H. Jacob to JS, Nauvoo, IL, 6 Jan. 1844, JS Collection, CHL.  

5. [5]

   Udney H. Jacob, An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker. Or The Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. Or A New System of Religion and Politicks (Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, [1842]). It is unclear precisely when the Nauvoo press printed Jacob’s pamphlet. A running advertisement in the Times and Seasons dated 20 August 1842 stated that copies of the Book of Mormon, a hymnbook, and “some other publications in defence of the faith of the saints” were “just published” and for sale at the office. While this may have simply referred to broadsheets and other material attacking John C. Bennett, it is the only advertisement for books or pamphlets published by the press in late 1842, so The Peace Maker may have been among the available publications advertised. However, JS’s notice in the 1 December 1842 issue of the Times and Seasons, featured below, is the first extant explicit mention of the pamphlet. In that notice, JS said the pamphlet had been published a “short time” earlier. The 1 December 1842 issue of the Times and Seasons was published late, presumably sometime in mid-December, because the printing office ran out of paper in mid-November. This suggests The Peace Maker was printed sometime between late August and mid-November 1842. (“Books of Mormon, &c.,” Times and Seasons, 15 Aug. 1842, 3:894; see also Affidavits and Certificates [Nauvoo, IL: 1842], copy at CHL; “To Subscribers,” Times and Seasons, 1 Dec. 1842, 4:32; and Notice, Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2].)  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

   Affidavits and Certificates, Disproving the Statements and Affidavits Contained in John C. Bennett’s Letters. Nauvoo Aug. 31, 1842. [Nauvoo, IL: 1842]. Copy at CHL.

   Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

   The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

6. [6]

   Jacob, Extract, [3].  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

7. [7]

   Jacob’s summary of the core of his argument was that “by taking away a man’s lawful right of giving divorcement, when his wife rebels; and by depriving him of the right of marrying more than one wife, you totally annihilate his power of peaceable government over a woman, and deprive the family of its lawful and necessary head.” (Jacob, Extract, 30.)  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

8. [8]

   Udney H. Jacob to Brigham Young, Great Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, 5 Mar. 1851, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.  

   Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1.

9. [9]

   Jacob, Extract, [2].  

   Jacob, Udney Hay. An Extract, from a Manuscript Entitled The Peace Maker, or the Doctrines of the Millennium: Being a Treatise on Religion and Jurisprudence. . . . Nauvoo, IL: J. Smith, 1842.

10. [10]

    See, for example, Advertisement, Times and Seasons, 1 Jan. 1841, 2:272; “Job Printing,” Quincy (IL) Whig, 8 Oct. 1842, [4]; and Advertisement, Warsaw (IL) Signal, 1 Oct. 1842, [1].  

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    Quincy Whig. Quincy, IL. 1838–1856.

11. [11]

    See Notice, Wasp, 30 July [4 Aug.] 1842, [3]; Woodruff, Journal, 6 Aug. 1842; “To Subscribers,” Times and Seasons, 1 Dec. 1842, 4:32; and Notice, Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2].  

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

12. [12]

    See Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Apr. 1845. During the early 1840s, the most active presses in Illinois were located in or near major cities, such as in Springfield or across the Mississippi River from St. Louis in Alton. (See Byrd, Bibliography of Illinois Imprints, xiv–xv.)  

    Byrd, Cecil K. A Bibliography of Illinois Imprints, 1814–58. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [1966].

13. [13]

    Technically, a new printing of the Book of Mormon issued in summer 1842 was the largest publication printed during JS’s ownership of the printing office. However, because the book had been stereotyped in 1840 and the number of books printed in 1842 was apparently small, it would have required less preparation and labor to print than a freshly typeset pamphlet. (Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:205.)  

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

14. [14]

    See Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:197–199, 211–212.  

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

15. [15]

    Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:92–94.  

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

16. [16]

    JS, Journal, 15 Jan. 1842; Willard Richards, “Tithings and Consecrations for the Temple of the Lord,” Times and Seasons, 15 Jan. 1842, 3:667; Pay Order to Nauvoo City Treasurer, 12 July 1842; Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:197–199, 205, 211–212. The pamphlet was commissioned by the Nauvoo City Council, and JS was directly involved in arranging for its publication.  

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

17. [17]

    Though William Smith served nominally as editor of the Wasp until December 1842, there are indications that by late summer 1842 he was no longer playing a major role at the printing office. In an August 1845 sermon, John Taylor condemned William Smith’s public teachings of polygamy and denied the twelve apostles’ involvement in the practice. Taylor also implied that Smith was responsible for the publication of The Peace Maker and condemned “some men who were in secret publishing the doctrines contained in a book written by Udney H. Jacobs which was a corrupt book.” At the same meeting, however, William Smith denied knowing anything about the pamphlet. (William Smith, “Valedictory,” Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2]; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; JS, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; “To the Public,” Wasp, 8 Oct. 1842, [2]; “Letter from Col. Robinson,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 26 Aug. 1842, [2]; Taylor, Journal, 17 Aug. 1845, 111.)  

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.

    Taylor, John. Journal, Dec. 1844–Sept. 1845. CHL.

18. [18]

    This scenario was later promoted by Latter-day Saint missionary Eli Kelsey in 1850, when he attempted to distance JS from The Peace Maker by attributing its publication to an unnamed foreman in the printing office. However, Kelsey had no firsthand knowledge of the publication of the pamphlet because he had not joined the church until June 1843 and did not move to Nauvoo until April 1844, well after the publication of The Peace Maker and JS’s sale of the printing office. (Eli Kelsey, “A Base Calumny Refuted,” Millennial Star, 15 Mar. 1850, 12:92–93; “Eli B. Kelsey,” Tullidge’s Quarterly Magazine, Oct. 1880, 80.)  

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

    “Eli B. Kelsey.” Tullidge’s Quarterly Magazine 1, no. 1 (Oct. 1880): 79–81.

19. [19]

    Although JS and a few of his closest followers had begun to practice plural marriage by 1842, church leaders publicly denied its existence, and most Latter-day Saints were unaware of the practice. Earlier in 1842, several women implicated William Smith in John C. Bennett’s system of sexual license. It is unclear when William Smith learned about JS’s practice of plural marriage, though it must have been before spring 1843, when Brigham Young sealed William Smith to his first plural wife—presumably with JS’s permission. Taylor stated that he learned of the practice in a meeting with JS, Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Orson Hyde. Because Hyde did not return from his mission to Jerusalem until December 1842, Taylor likely learned about the practice after this date and was not sealed to his second wife until December 1843. Woodruff later testified that he learned about the practice in 1844, and he did not marry his second wife until 1846. (Walker, William B. Smith, 179–183; Bergera, “Identifying the Earliest Mormon Polygamists,” 34–36, 38–39; Wilford Woodruff, Testimony, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, 17 Mar. 1892, p. 58, question 575, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. Church of Christ of Independence, Missouri, et al. [C.C.W.D. Mo. 1894], typescript, United States Testimony, CHL; Ulrich, House Full of Females, 81–82, 156–157; see also Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 1:484–496; Hardy, Solemn Covenant, 364–367; and Times and Seasons, 1 Oct. 1842, 3:939.)  

    Walker, Kyle R. William B. Smith: In the Shadow of a Prophet. Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2015.

    Bergera, Gary James. “Identifying the Earliest Mormon Polygamists, 1841–44.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 38, no. 3 (Fall 2005): 1–74.

    Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. Church of Christ of Independence, Missouri, et al. (C.C.W.D. Mo. 1894). Typescript. Testimonies and Depositions, 1892. Typescript. CHL.

    Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. A House Full of Females: Plural Marriage and Women’s Rights in Early Mormonism, 1835–1870. New York: Knopf, 2017.

    Hales, Brian C. Joseph Smith’s Polygamy. 3 vols. SLC: Greg Kofford Books, 2013.

20. [20]

    Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 146.  

    Lee, John D. Mormonism Unveiled. St. Louis, MO: Sun Publishing Company, 1882.

21. [21]

    See, for example, Lee, Mormonism Unveiled, 146. Within months of its publication, Oliver Olney, a hostile former Latter-day Saint, publicly argued that “if the pamphlet was not written by the authorities of the church, it by them was revised in Jacobs name.” In an 1845 sermon denouncing William Smith’s public teachings of polygamy, Taylor noted that even among the Saints some believed that The Peace Maker contained “Joseph’s views, published under a cloak of another man’s name.” In 1848 a missionary found that in the branch of the church at Burlington, Iowa, Jacob’s pamphlet was “held more sacred than the Roman prayer Book by the Catholics” because they thought it contained the church’s secret teachings. (Olney, Absurdities of Mormonism Portrayed, 10; Taylor, Journal, 17 Aug. 1845, 111; Scott, Journal, ca. 13 Mar. 1848, [21]; see also Oliver Olney, Note, 22–23 Jan. 1843, Oliver H. Olney, Papers, microfilm, CHL.)  

    Lee, John D. Mormonism Unveiled. St. Louis, MO: Sun Publishing Company, 1882.

    Olney, Oliver H. The Absurdities of Mormonism Portrayed. Hancock Co., IL: By the author, 1843.

    Taylor, John. Journal, Dec. 1844–Sept. 1845. CHL.

    Scott, John. Journal, 1847–1848 and 1855–1856. CHL.

    Olney, Oliver H. Papers, 1842–1844. Microfilm. CHL.

22. [22]

    Historian’s Office, General Church Minutes, 14 Jan. 1848; see also Foster, “Little-Known Defense of Polygamy,” 21–34; Daynes, More Wives Than One, 143–145; and Ulrich, House Full of Females, 102–105.  

    Historian’s Office. General Church Minutes, 1839–1877. CHL

    Foster, Lawrence. “A Little-Known Defense of Polygamy from the Mormon Press in 1842.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 9, no. 4 (1974): 21–34.

    Daynes, Kathryn M. More Wives Than One: Transformation of the Mormon Marriage System, 1840–1910. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

    Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. A House Full of Females: Plural Marriage and Women’s Rights in Early Mormonism, 1835–1870. New York: Knopf, 2017.