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Letter from Edward Southwick, 29 July 1843

Source Note

Edward Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
, Letter,
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
, Lee Co., IL, to JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 29 July 1843; handwriting and signature of
Edward Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
; three pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal notation, postal stamp, and dockets.
Bifolium measuring 12¼ × 7½ inches (31 × 19 cm) and ruled with thirty-five horizontal blue lines, now faded. Embossed in the upper left corner of the recto of the first leaf is a rectangle enclosing a decorative star and “D & J. Ames Springfield”, the insignia of a Springfield, Massachusetts, paper mill firm established by brothers David and John Ames in 1828.
1

Whiting, “Paper-Making in New England,” 309; Gravell et al., American Watermarks, 235.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Whiting, William. “Paper-Making in New England.” In The New England States: Their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional and Industrial History, edited by William T. Davis, vol. 1, pp. 303–333. Boston: D. H. Hurd, 1897.

Gravell, Thomas L., George Miller, and Elizabeth Walsh. American Watermarks: 1690–1835. 2nd ed. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2002.

The letter was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, sealed with a red adhesive wafer, and postmarked. The document was later refolded for filing.
The letter was docketed by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
, who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
2

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

Richards wrote his docket on the address block, probably soon after the letter’s receipt. The letter was also docketed by
Leo Hawkins

19 July 1834–28 May 1859. Clerk, reporter. Born in London. Son of Samuel Harris Hawkins and Charlotte Savage. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by John Banks, 23 Oct. 1848. Immigrated to U.S. with his family; arrived in New Orleans...

View Full Bio
, who served as a clerk in the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) from 1853 to 1859.
3

“Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

The document was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office circa 1904.
4

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
5

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The document’s early dockets, its listing in a 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Whiting, “Paper-Making in New England,” 309; Gravell et al., American Watermarks, 235.

    Whiting, William. “Paper-Making in New England.” In The New England States: Their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional and Industrial History, edited by William T. Davis, vol. 1, pp. 303–333. Boston: D. H. Hurd, 1897.

    Gravell, Thomas L., George Miller, and Elizabeth Walsh. American Watermarks: 1690–1835. 2nd ed. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2002.

  2. [2]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  3. [3]

    “Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  4. [4]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  5. [5]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 29 July 1843, attorney
Edward Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
wrote from
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
, Illinois, to JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, requesting that JS ensure the publication of two affidavits and an editorial in the Warsaw Message. In June 1843,
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
and
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
state officials attempted to have JS extradited to stand trial for treason allegedly committed in the 1838 conflict between the
Latter-day Saints

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
and their antagonists in Missouri. On 23 June 1843, near Dixon, Illinois, Constable
Harmon T. Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
of
Hancock County

Formed from Pike Co., 1825. Described in 1837 as predominantly prairie and “deficient in timber.” Early settlers came mainly from mid-Atlantic and southern states. Population in 1835 about 3,200; in 1840 about 9,900; and in 1844 at least 15,000. Carthage ...

More Info
, Illinois, arrested JS on a warrant issued earlier that month by Illinois governor
Thomas Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
as part of the extradition, and Wilson transferred custody of JS to the agent authorized to convey him to Missouri, Sheriff
Joseph H. Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
of
Jackson County

Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...

More Info
, Missouri, who had accompanied Wilson during the arrest.
1

Clayton, Journal, 23 June 1843; JS History, vol. D-1, 1581–1582; “Part 4: June–July 1843.”


Comprehensive Works Cited

Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

In
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
, JS retained the legal services of attorneys
Edward Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
and
Shepherd Patrick

28 Mar. 1815–2 Oct. 1877. Lawyer, farmer. Born in Wysox, Bradford Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Shepard Patrick and Catherine Goodwin. Admitted to bar, 1841, in Bradford Co. Practiced law in Dixon, Lee Co., Illinois, by early 1840s. Served as legal counsel for...

View Full Bio
, who helped him obtain a writ of
habeas corpus

“Have the body”; a written order from a court of competent jurisdiction commanding anyone having a person in custody to produce such person at a certain time and place and to state the reasons why he or she is being held in custody. The court will determine...

View Glossary
, which would allow an authorized
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
judge to review the legality of JS’s detention. The attorneys also assisted JS in filing a civil lawsuit against
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
and
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
for false imprisonment and personal injury, leading Sheriff James Campbell of
Lee County

Located in north-central Illinois, with part of northern county boundary formed by Rock River. Fertile agricultural area. French trappers frequented area, by 1780. Second Black Hawk campaign fought in area, 1832. Illinois Central Railroad construction began...

More Info
, Illinois, to arrest the two lawmen on 24 June. Two days later, JS, his attorneys, his captors, Sheriff Campbell, and a few others departed Dixon. Their stated destination was
Quincy

Located on high limestone bluffs east of Mississippi River, about forty-five miles south of Nauvoo. Settled 1821. Adams Co. seat, 1825. Incorporated as town, 1834. Received city charter, 1840. Population in 1835 about 800; in 1840 about 2,300; and in 1845...

More Info
, Illinois, in order to appear before an Illinois state judge.
2

“Arrest of Joseph Smith,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 19 July 1843, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

However, JS and his attorneys decided instead to appear before the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
Municipal Court on a writ of habeas corpus. While en route, small parties of
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
troops began intercepting the traveling party with the intention of impeding Reynolds if he tried to convey JS to
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
without due process. Accordingly, the traveling party stopped in Nauvoo, and on 1 July, the municipal court discharged JS.
3

See “Part 4: June–July 1843”; and Affidavit, 24 June 1843.


After the discharge,
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
publicly claimed that the legion troops had forcibly rescued JS and that he had defied the law by going before the municipal court, which they believed lacked jurisdiction in the case. The two lawmen petitioned
Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
to send the state militia to retake JS.
4

JS, Journal, 2 July 1843; see also Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

Church members sought to counter the claims of Reynolds and Wilson by sending missionaries to every county in
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
to explain the arrest and the resulting municipal court decision. In addition, JS spoke on the arrest and its aftermath at public gatherings in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
. Church members also sent Ford a petition and other documents asking him not to dispatch the militia.
5

JS, Journal, 2–3 July 1843; Discourse, 30 June 1843; Discourse, 4 July 1843; Affidavit, 7 July 1843; see also Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2]; and “Part 4: June–July 1843.”


Comprehensive Works Cited

Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

For his part,
Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
worked to challenge
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
’s and
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
’s arguments in the public press. On 10 July 1843, a
St. Louis

Located on west side of Mississippi River about fifteen miles south of confluence with Missouri River. Founded as fur-trading post by French settlers, 1764. Incorporated as town, 1809. First Mississippi steamboat docked by town, 1817. Incorporated as city...

More Info
newspaper printed Reynolds’s statement recounting the arrest and subsequent events, with the lawman asserting that “Holy Joe” held the law in “utter contempt.” Reynolds explained that when JS obtained a writ of habeas corpus in
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
, the expectation was that an
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
circuit judge in
Quincy

Located on high limestone bluffs east of Mississippi River, about forty-five miles south of Nauvoo. Settled 1821. Adams Co. seat, 1825. Incorporated as town, 1834. Received city charter, 1840. Population in 1835 about 800; in 1840 about 2,300; and in 1845...

More Info
would review the legality of the arrest. Reynolds claimed that he was threatened and coerced into diverting the traveling party to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, where JS was “rescue[d]” by the municipal court.
6

Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

Southwick, who happened to be in St. Louis when Reynolds’s statement appeared, published a reply in the same newspaper two days later, claiming that Reynolds denied JS access to an attorney the day of the arrest in Dixon, that the legion troops had conducted themselves appropriately, and that the Nauvoo Municipal Court had jurisdiction in the case.
7

Edward Southwick, St. Louis, MO, 12 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 12 July 1843, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

On 12 July—the same day that
Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
’s rebuttal to
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
appeared in the
St. Louis

Located on west side of Mississippi River about fifteen miles south of confluence with Missouri River. Founded as fur-trading post by French settlers, 1764. Incorporated as town, 1809. First Mississippi steamboat docked by town, 1817. Incorporated as city...

More Info
newspaper—the Warsaw Message in
Warsaw

Located at foot of Des Moines rapids of Mississippi River at site of three military forts: Fort Johnson (1814), Cantonment Davis (1815–1818), and Fort Edwards (1816–1824). First settlers participated in fur trade. Important trade and shipping center. Post...

More Info
, Illinois, published Southwick’s “Statement of the Facts Connected with the Arrest of Joseph Smith, and His Discharge Therefrom,” by “an Eye-Witness.” Southwick argued that
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
had initially refused to grant JS access to an attorney and that the
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
sheriff relented only after
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
residents protested. Southwick then recounted the various legal maneuvers JS’s attorneys employed to impede Reynolds, including obtaining the writ of habeas corpus and filing the civil lawsuit. The statement also described the journey from Dixon and the conduct of Nauvoo Legion troops that began intercepting the traveling party on 27 June. Southwick insisted that the troops treated Reynolds and
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
with respect, going so far as to claim that the legionnaires were unarmed. Southwick concluded with a discussion of the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
Municipal Court’s 1 July 1843 discharge of JS and its aftermath.
8

JS, Journal, 5 July 1843; [Edward Southwick], “Statement,” Warsaw (IL) Message, Extra, 12 July 1843, [1]; Editorial, 15 July 1843, in Warsaw Message, 12 July 1843, [3].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

On 15 July 1843, the Message reported that Wilson claimed that Southwick’s statement contained “two unqualified falsehoods—the first that Reynolds refused counsel an opportunity of a private interview with Smith—and the second, that the mormons, who from time to time met the company, . . . were unarmed.” Wilson also charged Southwick with having suppressed many other facts relative to the events he described, while giving others “a high coloring.”
9

Editorial, 15 July 1843, in Warsaw (IL) Message, 12 July 1843, [3].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
believed that these allegations reflected negatively on his reputation, and on 29 July 1843 he worked with his
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
associates to produce two affidavits that countered
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
’s claims. The first affidavit affirmed that
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
had in fact denied JS the opportunity to speak alone with an attorney for about an hour after the lawmen and JS arrived in Dixon on 23 June. The second affidavit contended that the Nauvoo Legion troops who joined the traveling party conducted themselves appropriately toward Wilson and Reynolds. In addition, the second affidavit contested the claim from Reynolds’s published account that Sheriff Campbell had disarmed Wilson and Reynolds after arresting them on 24 June and had not returned their weapons until after JS’s discharge on 1 July. Southwick also wrote a cover letter for the affidavits requesting that the Message publish them, though Southwick had his doubts that editor Thomas Gregg would comply with his request.
10

Gregg edited the Message from January 1843 to February 1844. It served as a temporary replacement for Thomas Sharp’s Warsaw Signal, which operated before and after the Message. Both Gregg and Sharp were critical of the Latter-day Saints and the growing economic and political power of Nauvoo. While Gregg favored lawful approaches to the perceived problem, Sharp advocated extralegal solutions. (Hallwas, Thomas Gregg, 46–48; “To the Public,” Warsaw [IL] Message, 7 Jan. 1843, [2]; see also Hampshire, “Thomas Sharp and Anti-Mormon Sentiment in Illinois,” 82–100.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Hallwas, John E. Thomas Gregg: Early Illinois Journalist and Author. Western Illinois Monograph Series 2. Macomb: Western Illinois University, 1983.

Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

Hampshire, Annette P. “Thomas Sharp and Anti-Mormon Sentiment in Illinois, 1842– 1845.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 72, no. 2 (May 1979): 82–100

Given these suspicions,
Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
wrote to JS later on 29 July asking him to follow up with the newspaper to ensure publication of the affidavits. Southwick also authorized JS to publish the affidavits—which he copied into the letter to JS—in other newspapers. Southwick then mailed the letter to JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, a distance of approximately 150 miles. The letter was probably delivered to Nauvoo about a week later. Southwick’s letter and affidavits were subsequently provided to the Nauvoo Neighbor, apparently because the Message would not print them.
11

JS, Journal, 1 Nov. 1843.


They appeared in the 8 November 1843 issue of the paper.
12

Statement, Nauvoo Neighbor, 8 Nov. 1843, [2]–[3].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Clayton, Journal, 23 June 1843; JS History, vol. D-1, 1581–1582; “Part 4: June–July 1843.”

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

  2. [2]

    “Arrest of Joseph Smith,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 19 July 1843, [2].

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

  3. [3]

    See “Part 4: June–July 1843”; and Affidavit, 24 June 1843.

  4. [4]

    JS, Journal, 2 July 1843; see also Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].

    Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

  5. [5]

    JS, Journal, 2–3 July 1843; Discourse, 30 June 1843; Discourse, 4 July 1843; Affidavit, 7 July 1843; see also Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2]; and “Part 4: June–July 1843.”

    Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

  6. [6]

    Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].

    Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

  7. [7]

    Edward Southwick, St. Louis, MO, 12 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 12 July 1843, [2].

    Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

  8. [8]

    JS, Journal, 5 July 1843; [Edward Southwick], “Statement,” Warsaw (IL) Message, Extra, 12 July 1843, [1]; Editorial, 15 July 1843, in Warsaw Message, 12 July 1843, [3].

    Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

  9. [9]

    Editorial, 15 July 1843, in Warsaw (IL) Message, 12 July 1843, [3].

    Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

  10. [10]

    Gregg edited the Message from January 1843 to February 1844. It served as a temporary replacement for Thomas Sharp’s Warsaw Signal, which operated before and after the Message. Both Gregg and Sharp were critical of the Latter-day Saints and the growing economic and political power of Nauvoo. While Gregg favored lawful approaches to the perceived problem, Sharp advocated extralegal solutions. (Hallwas, Thomas Gregg, 46–48; “To the Public,” Warsaw [IL] Message, 7 Jan. 1843, [2]; see also Hampshire, “Thomas Sharp and Anti-Mormon Sentiment in Illinois,” 82–100.)

    Hallwas, John E. Thomas Gregg: Early Illinois Journalist and Author. Western Illinois Monograph Series 2. Macomb: Western Illinois University, 1983.

    Warsaw Message. Warsaw, IL. 1843–1844.

    Hampshire, Annette P. “Thomas Sharp and Anti-Mormon Sentiment in Illinois, 1842– 1845.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 72, no. 2 (May 1979): 82–100

  11. [11]

    JS, Journal, 1 Nov. 1843.

  12. [12]

    Statement, Nauvoo Neighbor, 8 Nov. 1843, [2]–[3].

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

Page [3]

number; pledged themselves that said
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
should be personally safe— and that said Mormons none <​none​> of them as we could perceive were armed so far as was discernable;
9

When William Clayton arrived in Nauvoo on 25 June 1843 with news of JS’s arrest, approximately two hundred Nauvoo Legion soldiers organized into companies. According to Charlotte Haven, Hyrum Smith “warned them against excitement, told them to go peaceably, to take nothing but secret arms.” About half of the troops left that night on horseback to locate JS, and the remainder departed the following morning by steamboat. A few scouts intercepted JS’s traveling party on 27 June, while the remaining mounted troops joined the caravan over the next few days. Later reminiscences by members of the expedition confirm that JS enjoined the men to treat Wilson and Reynolds with respect. (Clayton, Journal, 25 June 1843; Woodruff, Journal, 25 June 1843; Charlotte Haven, Nauvoo, IL, to “Dear Sister,” 4 June–2 July 1843, in “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo,” 634; JS History, vol. D-1, 1587; Peter Cownover, Statement, [26 Sept. 1854]; William McIntire, Statement, 3 Oct. 1854, Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1860, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

Haven, Charlotte. “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo.” Overland Monthly 16, no. 96 (Dec. 1890): 616–638.

Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

and further that the said statement made in the Old School Democrat of the 12th instant over the signature of
J. H. Renolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
that he and said
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
were disarmed soon after they were arrested on the trespass suit commenced against them by Said Smith,
10

In Reynolds’s 10 July 1843 account of JS’s arrest and subsequent legal struggles, he stated that after he and Wilson were arrested by Sheriff James Campbell on 24 June in the trespass suit, the two men “were disarmed by the Sheriff of all weapons, and they were not returned to us till after Smith’s discharge at Nauvoo.” (Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

and that their arms were not returned to them until after said Smith’s discharge at
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
was incorrect, and in relation to this these deponents say that said
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
were arrested on said action of trespass at
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
on Saturday morning the 24th of June last; that they were not disarmed by the sheriff of
Lee County

Located in north-central Illinois, with part of northern county boundary formed by Rock River. Fertile agricultural area. French trappers frequented area, by 1780. Second Black Hawk campaign fought in area, 1832. Illinois Central Railroad construction began...

More Info
who had them in custody nor by any other person until the following day at
Paw Paw Grove

Settlement in northern Illinois; established 1834. Post office established in settlement, 1837. Stagecoach road built through area, 1839. While under arrest, en route from Dixon to Ottawa, Illinois, for trial, JS delivered discourse to local residents and...

More Info
thirty two miles distant from
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
, and that the arms of said
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
were restored to them by the said Sheriff of
Lee County

Located in north-central Illinois, with part of northern county boundary formed by Rock River. Fertile agricultural area. French trappers frequented area, by 1780. Second Black Hawk campaign fought in area, 1832. Illinois Central Railroad construction began...

More Info
who had them in custody for default of bail at their
Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and
Reynolds

1813–29 Mar. 1884. Grocer, government official. Born in Lincoln Co., Kentucky. Moved to Independence, Jackson Co., Missouri, 1834. Elected county coroner, Aug. 1836, and justice of the peace, 1837. Served in Seminole War. Married first, by June 1840. Served...

View Full Bio
own request while on a the journey from
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
before the company had arrived within at least eighty miles of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
.
11

Peter Cownover, one of the Nauvoo Legion soldiers who intercepted JS’s traveling party on 27 June 1843, later recounted that a dispute occurred the following day between the two lawmen and JS’s supporters over whether to continue to Quincy overland or to go by steamboat, after which Sheriff James Campbell confiscated Wilson’s and Reynolds’s guns. (Peter Cownover, Statement, [26 Sept. 1854], Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1860, CHL; JS History, vol. D-1, 1588–1589; see also Discourse, 30 June 1843.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

I. D. McComsey
L. P. Sanger

View Full Bio

E. Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
S. G. Patrick

28 Mar. 1815–2 Oct. 1877. Lawyer, farmer. Born in Wysox, Bradford Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Shepard Patrick and Catherine Goodwin. Admitted to bar, 1841, in Bradford Co. Practiced law in Dixon, Lee Co., Illinois, by early 1840s. Served as legal counsel for...

View Full Bio
Sworn and Subscribed to before me at
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
this 29th day of July A.D. 1843
Frederick R. Dutcher Justice of the peace
To The Editors of the Warsaw Message
Gent— At appears from an article in your paper of the 15th of July under the Editorial head that there is a question of veracity therein raised between Mr
H. T. Wilson

1 Feb. 1815–27 June 1851. Merchant, deputy sheriff. Born in Montgomery Co., Virginia. Son of John Wilson and Elizabeth Cummins. Moved to Christianburg, Montgomery Co., by 7 Aug. 1820; to Newbern, Montgomery Co., by June 1830; and to Hancock Co., Illinois,...

View Full Bio
and myself, relative to the proceedings had after the late arrest by him of Joseph Smith. Now in order that the public may no longer be deceived in the premises be pleased to publish together with this note the above affidavits that the charge of falsehood may attach where it properly belongs.
Very Respectfully Your’s
E. Southwick

10 Aug. 1812–26 Nov. 1857. Lawyer. Born in Troy, Rensselaer Co., New York. Son of Edward Southwick and Catherine Wilkinson. Studied law in Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York. Admitted to New York bar, 1836. Moved to Peoria, Peoria Co., Illinois, fall 1836. Admitted...

View Full Bio
Dixon

Post village in northwestern Illinois, located on Rock River. Area settled and ferry established, spring 1828. Post office established, 1829. John Dixon settled in area with family, 11 Apr. 1830, and purchased ferry. Fort built in area during Black Hawk War...

More Info
July 29th 1843. [p. [3]]
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Page [3]

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Edward Southwick, 29 July 1843
ID #
1977
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D12:508–514
Handwriting on This Page
  • Edward Southwick

Footnotes

  1. [9]

    When William Clayton arrived in Nauvoo on 25 June 1843 with news of JS’s arrest, approximately two hundred Nauvoo Legion soldiers organized into companies. According to Charlotte Haven, Hyrum Smith “warned them against excitement, told them to go peaceably, to take nothing but secret arms.” About half of the troops left that night on horseback to locate JS, and the remainder departed the following morning by steamboat. A few scouts intercepted JS’s traveling party on 27 June, while the remaining mounted troops joined the caravan over the next few days. Later reminiscences by members of the expedition confirm that JS enjoined the men to treat Wilson and Reynolds with respect. (Clayton, Journal, 25 June 1843; Woodruff, Journal, 25 June 1843; Charlotte Haven, Nauvoo, IL, to “Dear Sister,” 4 June–2 July 1843, in “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo,” 634; JS History, vol. D-1, 1587; Peter Cownover, Statement, [26 Sept. 1854]; William McIntire, Statement, 3 Oct. 1854, Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1860, CHL.)

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Haven, Charlotte. “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo.” Overland Monthly 16, no. 96 (Dec. 1890): 616–638.

    Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

  2. [10]

    In Reynolds’s 10 July 1843 account of JS’s arrest and subsequent legal struggles, he stated that after he and Wilson were arrested by Sheriff James Campbell on 24 June in the trespass suit, the two men “were disarmed by the Sheriff of all weapons, and they were not returned to us till after Smith’s discharge at Nauvoo.” (Joseph H. Reynolds, St. Louis, MO, 10 July 1843, Letter to the Editor, Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald, 10 July 1843, [2].)

    Old School Democrat and Saint Louis Herald. St Louis, MO. 1843–1844.

  3. [11]

    Peter Cownover, one of the Nauvoo Legion soldiers who intercepted JS’s traveling party on 27 June 1843, later recounted that a dispute occurred the following day between the two lawmen and JS’s supporters over whether to continue to Quincy overland or to go by steamboat, after which Sheriff James Campbell confiscated Wilson’s and Reynolds’s guns. (Peter Cownover, Statement, [26 Sept. 1854], Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1860, CHL; JS History, vol. D-1, 1588–1589; see also Discourse, 30 June 1843.)

    Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

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