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Discourse, 9 May 1841, as Reported by Julius Alexander Reed

Source Note

JS, Discourse,
Montrose

Located in southern part of county on western shore of Mississippi River. Area settled by Captain James White, 1832, following Black Hawk War. Federal government purchased land from White to create Fort Des Moines, 1834. Fort abandoned; remaining settlement...

More Info
, Lee Co., Iowa Territory, 9 May 1841. Featured version reported by Julius Alexander Reed; handwriting of Julius Alexander Reed; two pages, Julius Alexander Reed, Papers, Special Collections, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Includes docket.

Historical Introduction

On 9 May 1841, JS delivered a discourse at
Montrose

Located in southern part of county on western shore of Mississippi River. Area settled by Captain James White, 1832, following Black Hawk War. Federal government purchased land from White to create Fort Des Moines, 1834. Fort abandoned; remaining settlement...

More Info
, Iowa Territory, addressing the Latter-day Saints’ efforts to build a city in
Iowa Territory

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. First permanent white settlements established, ca. 1833. Organized as territory, 1838, containing all of present-day Iowa, much of present-day Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. Population in...

More Info
and complaints made by British members of the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
. Two years earlier, in mid-1839, church
agents

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

View Glossary
Vinson Knight

14 Mar. 1804–31 July 1842. Farmer, druggist, school warden. Born at Norwich, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Rudolphus Knight and Rispah (Rizpah) Lee. Married Martha McBride, July 1826. Moved to Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., New York, by 1830. Owned farm...

View Full Bio
and
Oliver Granger

7 Feb. 1794–23/25 Aug. 1841. Sheriff, church agent. Born at Phelps, Ontario Co., New York. Son of Pierce Granger and Clarissa Trumble. Married Lydia Dibble, 8 Sept. 1813, at Phelps. Member of Methodist church and licensed exhorter. Sheriff of Ontario Co. ...

View Full Bio
had purchased from
Isaac Galland

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

View Full Bio
nearly 18,000 acres in what was known as the “
Half-Breed Tract

Tract consisted of 119,000 acres located in southeastern Iowa between Des Moines and Mississippi rivers. In 1824, U.S. Congress set aside tract for offspring of American Indian mothers and white fathers. Subsequent act passed, 1834, relinquishing Congress...

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” in
Lee County

First permanent settlement established, 1820. Organized 1837. Population in 1838 about 2,800; in 1840 about 6,100; in 1844 about 9,800; and in 1846 about 13,000. Following expulsion from Missouri, 1838–1839, many Saints found refuge in eastern Iowa Territory...

More Info
, Iowa Territory.
1

“Joseph Smith Documents from September 1839 through January 1841.”


In early March 1841, JS dictated a revelation directing the Saints in Iowa Territory to
gather

As directed by early revelations, church members “gathered” in communities. A revelation dated September 1830, for instance, instructed elders “to bring to pass the gathering of mine elect” who would “be gathered in unto one place, upon the face of this land...

View Glossary
in
Zarahemla

Located about one mile west of Mississippi River; area settled, by May 1839. Site for town selected by JS, 2 July 1839, and later confirmed by revelation, Mar. 1841. Iowa stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized by JS, by Oct. 1839. ...

More Info
in Lee County or in other appointed gathering sites.
2

Revelation, ca. Early Mar. 1841 [D&C 125].


Two months later, in his 9 May discourse, JS discussed some of the circumstances in Lee County as well as some of the challenges the Saints faced there.
JS also responded to complaints from certain British converts who had immigrated to the area. In July 1838 the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
had been directed to “go over the great waters” and proselytize in the British Isles. Those apostles who went arrived in early 1840 and continued their work into April 1841. Through their efforts, thousands in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
converted to the Latter-day Saint faith, and by 1841 those converts were steadily streaming into
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
.
3

“Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841.”


In May 1841, the Warsaw Signal reported that “great dissatisfaction exists at Nauvoo, amongst those who have lately arrived from England,” and that “some have left both the City and the Church— not believing, on the one hand, in the mission of the Prophet, and on the other, dissatisfied with the temporal government which is exercised over them.”
4

“The Mormons,” Warsaw [IL] Signal, 19 May 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

In June 1841, the Times and Seasons responded to this report stating that “there may be individuals who feel dissatisfied, but it is far from being general.” The newspaper further cautioned that “those who have come expecting to find gold in our streets, and all the luxuries of an old country, will find themselves disappointed, but those who have maturely considered the advantages and disadvantages, are perfectly satisfied and contented.”
5

“The Warsaw Signal,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1841, 2:432; see also Proclamation, 15 Jan. 1841.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

In his discourse, JS reportedly encouraged dissatisfied immigrants to leave, saying that he no longer wanted to hear their complaints.
Julius Alexander Reed, a Congregationalist minister living in
Iowa Territory

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. First permanent white settlements established, ca. 1833. Organized as territory, 1838, containing all of present-day Iowa, much of present-day Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. Population in...

More Info
, apparently heard JS speak on 9 May and made notes on what he said.
6

See Historical Introduction to Discourse, 25 April 1841.


Reed seems to have interspersed some related personal notes among his notes of JS’s discourse, and his account of the sermon seems to move between the first and third person in reference to JS.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    “Joseph Smith Documents from September 1839 through January 1841.”

  2. [2]

    Revelation, ca. Early Mar. 1841 [D&C 125].

  3. [3]

    “Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841.”

  4. [4]

    “The Mormons,” Warsaw [IL] Signal, 19 May 1841, [2].

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

  5. [5]

    “The Warsaw Signal,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1841, 2:432; see also Proclamation, 15 Jan. 1841.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  6. [6]

    See Historical Introduction to Discourse, 25 April 1841.

Page [1]

Text. I am the resurrection & the life &c.
1

See John 11:25.


Carriage upset Ap[ril] 6.
2

On 6 April 1841, the church had celebrated its eleventh anniversary by laying the cornerstones of the Nauvoo temple. (Benediction, 6 Apr. 1841; “Celebration of the Aniversary of the Church,” Times and Seasons, 15 Apr. 1841, 2:376.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

Mrs S. [Emma Smith] thrown out
That man that s[ai]d that he wishd my
wife

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

View Full Bio
had been killd when the Carriage upset— that man I will hunt for his blood to the grave— I will be revenged— My appetite shall be satisfied with his blood— I will hunt for him as the greyhound hunts for the heart of the hare— If he ever darkens my doors I will send him to hell— So help me God— I am no prophet I am no christian if I dont do it—
On Ap. 6 <​7​>. or 8th Revelation that a city sh[oul]d be laid off on west side of
Miss[issippi River]

Principal U.S. river running southward from Itasca Lake, Minnesota, to Gulf of Mexico. Covered 3,160-mile course, 1839 (now about 2,350 miles). Drains about 1,100,000 square miles. Steamboat travel on Mississippi very important in 1830s and 1840s for shipping...

More Info
— (at
Montrose

Located in southern part of county on western shore of Mississippi River. Area settled by Captain James White, 1832, following Black Hawk War. Federal government purchased land from White to create Fort Des Moines, 1834. Fort abandoned; remaining settlement...

More Info
) & built up—
3

On 7 April 1841, at the general conference of the church, John C. Bennett read a JS revelation “concerning the Saints in the Territory of Iowa.” (Minutes, 7–11 Apr. 1841; Clayton, Diary, 8 Apr. 1841; Revelation, caa Early Mar. 1841 [D&C 125].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Clayton, William. Diary, Vol. 1, 1840–1842. BYU.

4 miles square—
May 9. in above sermon. Kilbourn
4

Probably David Kilbourne, who represented the New York Land Company purchasing and selling land in the Half-Breed Tract in Lee County, Iowa Territory.


told me he w[oul]d like me to join him & build up a city— And he thought having permission from so good a man all wd have confiden[c]e in him it— & he was agent for
Dr. G.

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

View Full Bio
5

Probably Isaac Galland.


& had laid out & was
selling lots— Kilbourn says Smith stressed to him he c[oul]d do a good deal towards building up a city on this side
6

A reference to the west side of the Mississippi River.


— Kilbourn replied the titlle was in dispute that when the title was perfected perhaps they something cd be done—
7

The land titles in the Half-Breed Tract were in dispute. The History of Lee County, Iowa reported that “there was a deal of sharp practice” taking place, with individuals “selling land to which they had no rightful title” and claiming “land in which they had no ownership.” Also, “there were no authorized surveys, and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and quarrels ensued.” (History of Lee County, Iowa, 164–166; Cook, “Isaac Galland”, 264–265.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

The History of Lee County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., a Biographical Directory of Citizens. . . . Chicago: Western Historical Co., 1879.

Cook, Lyndon W. “Isaac Galland—Mormon Benefactor.” BYU Studies 19 (Spring 1979): 261–284.

(Jos. Smith has laid of[f] Town 4 miles square— & is no has been giving warrantee deeds
8

A warranty deed is used to convey or sell the title of land from one party to another when there is no lien or prior claim to the land. (“Warranty,” in Bouvier, Law Dictionary, 2:486–487.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Bouvier, John. A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America, and of the Several States of the American Union; With References to the Civil and Other Systems of Foreign Law. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Deacon and Peterson, 1854.

<​J. Smith sd​> People in
Montrose

Located in southern part of county on western shore of Mississippi River. Area settled by Captain James White, 1832, following Black Hawk War. Federal government purchased land from White to create Fort Des Moines, 1834. Fort abandoned; remaining settlement...

More Info
had acted so much like devils <​& fools​> the emigration had turned to another quarter— He that is a fool let him be a fool & Im the boy to tell him of it that is the idea. <​also sd all who oppose him in this didnt know beans when the bag was open— The Lord God Almighty will build a city there & they may help themselves—​>
A[lexander] Campbell

12 Sept. 1788–4 Mar. 1866. Teacher, minister, magazine publisher, college president. Born near Ballymena, Co. Antrim, Ireland. Son of Thomas Campbell and Jane Corneigle. Raised Presbyterian. Moved to Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland, 1808. Immigrated to Buffalo ...

View Full Bio
9

Alexander Campbell left his association with Regular Baptists to promote, with several other Christian reformers, the restoration of primitive Christianity through an appeal to New Testament teachings and practices. Campbell’s followers and supporters came to be known as Disciples of Christ or, less formally, as Campbellites. In January 1832, Campbell’s movement merged with a similar movement led by Barton Stone, whose followers—many of whom were former Presbyterians—referred to themselves simply as Christians. (See Hayden, Early History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, chap. 1; McAllister and Tucker, Journey in Faith, 26–28; and Foster et al., Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement, 713–716.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Hayden, Amos Sutton. Early History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, Ohio; with Biographical Sketches of the Principal Agents in Their Religious Movement. Cincinnati: Chase and Hall, 1875.

McAllister, Lester G., and William E. Tucker. Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). St. Louis: Bethany Press, 1975.

Foster, Douglas A., Anthony L. Dunnavant, Paul M. Blowers, and D. Newell Williams, eds. The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2004.

shd go to hell & it shd not be in his power to escape— he had not so much religion as his dog— & God had not so much regard for him as for his dog— for I love my dog & God loves me—
10

JS’s dog was a mastiff named Major and sometimes referred to as Old Major. (Baugh, “Joseph Smith’s Dog, Old Major,” 56–57, 65.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Baugh, Alexander L. “Joseph Smith’s Dog, Old Major.” BYU Studies 56, no. 4 (2017): 53–67.

Ap. 7 or 8. Revealed to Jos. Smith that it advisable all the Mormons shd give Jos S[mith] a deed of trust to all their property— it wd <​be​> safe in his hands—
Bennet [John C. Bennett]

3 Aug. 1804–5 Aug. 1867. Physician, minister, poultry breeder. Born at Fairhaven, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Bennett and Abigail Cook. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 1808; to Massachusetts, 1812; and back to Marietta, 1822. Married ...

View Full Bio
sd in that case it cd not be attacked—
Smith (referring to trouble with Mr. B.
11

Possibly the Mr. Bissell mentioned later in this account.


) They acted more like devils than any thing else If they wanted to fight he was ready for them he wd rather fight than eat—
The English.
12

Likely a reference to the British Latter-day Saints who had been immigrating to Nauvoo. (“Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841.”.)


He had borne trouble & persecution, trials he had pas[s]ed thro[ugh] <​were​> enough to wear out any man— His greatest troubles were in the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
— always fawning sycophants there. Some make great complaint because dont find things just as they want them— Expect too much from the ch[urch] <​are​> No soldiers— If they had waded with me this way in
Miss.

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
13

Probably Missouri.


they wd clear their complaints here— I guess they dont know much about hardships & trials— [p. [1]]
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Discourse, 9 May 1841, as Reported by Julius Alexander Reed
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  • Julius Alexander Reed

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See John 11:25.

  2. [2]

    On 6 April 1841, the church had celebrated its eleventh anniversary by laying the cornerstones of the Nauvoo temple. (Benediction, 6 Apr. 1841; “Celebration of the Aniversary of the Church,” Times and Seasons, 15 Apr. 1841, 2:376.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  3. [3]

    On 7 April 1841, at the general conference of the church, John C. Bennett read a JS revelation “concerning the Saints in the Territory of Iowa.” (Minutes, 7–11 Apr. 1841; Clayton, Diary, 8 Apr. 1841; Revelation, caa Early Mar. 1841 [D&C 125].)

    Clayton, William. Diary, Vol. 1, 1840–1842. BYU.

  4. [4]

    Probably David Kilbourne, who represented the New York Land Company purchasing and selling land in the Half-Breed Tract in Lee County, Iowa Territory.

  5. [5]

    Probably Isaac Galland.

  6. [6]

    A reference to the west side of the Mississippi River.

  7. [7]

    The land titles in the Half-Breed Tract were in dispute. The History of Lee County, Iowa reported that “there was a deal of sharp practice” taking place, with individuals “selling land to which they had no rightful title” and claiming “land in which they had no ownership.” Also, “there were no authorized surveys, and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and quarrels ensued.” (History of Lee County, Iowa, 164–166; Cook, “Isaac Galland”, 264–265.)

    The History of Lee County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., a Biographical Directory of Citizens. . . . Chicago: Western Historical Co., 1879.

    Cook, Lyndon W. “Isaac Galland—Mormon Benefactor.” BYU Studies 19 (Spring 1979): 261–284.

  8. [8]

    A warranty deed is used to convey or sell the title of land from one party to another when there is no lien or prior claim to the land. (“Warranty,” in Bouvier, Law Dictionary, 2:486–487.)

    Bouvier, John. A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America, and of the Several States of the American Union; With References to the Civil and Other Systems of Foreign Law. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Deacon and Peterson, 1854.

  9. [9]

    Alexander Campbell left his association with Regular Baptists to promote, with several other Christian reformers, the restoration of primitive Christianity through an appeal to New Testament teachings and practices. Campbell’s followers and supporters came to be known as Disciples of Christ or, less formally, as Campbellites. In January 1832, Campbell’s movement merged with a similar movement led by Barton Stone, whose followers—many of whom were former Presbyterians—referred to themselves simply as Christians. (See Hayden, Early History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, chap. 1; McAllister and Tucker, Journey in Faith, 26–28; and Foster et al., Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement, 713–716.)

    Hayden, Amos Sutton. Early History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, Ohio; with Biographical Sketches of the Principal Agents in Their Religious Movement. Cincinnati: Chase and Hall, 1875.

    McAllister, Lester G., and William E. Tucker. Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). St. Louis: Bethany Press, 1975.

    Foster, Douglas A., Anthony L. Dunnavant, Paul M. Blowers, and D. Newell Williams, eds. The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2004.

  10. [10]

    JS’s dog was a mastiff named Major and sometimes referred to as Old Major. (Baugh, “Joseph Smith’s Dog, Old Major,” 56–57, 65.)

    Baugh, Alexander L. “Joseph Smith’s Dog, Old Major.” BYU Studies 56, no. 4 (2017): 53–67.

  11. [11]

    Possibly the Mr. Bissell mentioned later in this account.

  12. [12]

    Likely a reference to the British Latter-day Saints who had been immigrating to Nauvoo. (“Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841.”.)

  13. [13]

    Probably Missouri.

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