Footnotes

1. [1]

   Kimball’s family were early landowners in the Commerce (later Nauvoo) area, and Kimball is credited with opening the first store there. (Holzapfel and Cottle, Old Mormon Nauvoo, 4, 72; Portrait and Biographical Record of Hancock, McDonough, and Henderson Counties, Illinois, 352–353; Woodruff, Journal, 25 Dec. 1841; see also Deed from Ethan Kimball, 20 June 1842.)  

   Holzapfel, Richard N., and T. Jeffery Cottle. Old Mormon Nauvoo, 1839–1846: Historic Photographs and Guide. Provo, UT: Grandin Book, 1990.

   Portrait and Biographical Record of Hancock, McDonough and Henderson Counties, Illinois, Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens of the County. Chicago: Lake City Publishing, 1894.

   Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

2. [2]

   Sarah Granger Kimball had joined the church by 1833, when she moved to Kirtland, Ohio, with her parents. (Derr, “Sarah Melissa Granger Kimball,” 25–27.)  

   Derr, Jill Mulvay. “Sarah Melissa Granger Kimball: The Liberal Shall Be Blessed.” In Sister Saints, edited by Vicky Burgess-Olson, 21–40. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1978.

3. [3]

   Minutes and Discourses, 17 Mar. 1842; see also Derr et al., First Fifty Years of Relief Society, xxvii, 6, 31n103.  

   Derr, Jill Mulvay, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds. The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016.

4. [4]

   For examples of JS’s condemnation of local merchants, see JS, Journal, 24 Apr. 1842 and 21 Feb. 1843.  

5. [5]

   For more information on JS’s practice of plural marriage at this time, see “Joseph Smith Documents from May through August 1842.”  

6. [6]

   Sarah Granger Kimball, “Auto-biography,” Woman’s Exponent, 1 Sept. 1883, 12:51; Andrew Jenson, “Plural Marriage,” Historical Record, May 1887, 6:232. During 1842 and 1843, JS was married or sealed to a number of women who, like Kimball, were already married to other men. Few extant sources provide information about these complex relationships, but it appears these polygynous and polyandrous marriages were used as a means to connect families to JS, creating kinship ties that promised spiritual benefits and salvation for all members of the family. (Bushman, Rough Stone Rolling, 437–446; Daynes, “Mormon Polygamy,” 130–146; see also “Nauvoo Journals, December 1841–April 1843.” For more information on distinctions in JS’s plural marriage sealings, see “Joseph Smith Documents from May through August 1842.”)  

   Woman’s Exponent. Salt Lake City. 1872–1914.

   The Historical Record, a Monthly Periodical, Devoted Exclusively to Historical, Biographical, Chronological and Statistical Matters. Salt Lake City. 1882–1890.

   Bushman, Richard Lyman. Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. With the assistance of Jed Woodworth. New York: Knopf, 2005.

   Daynes, Kathryn M. “Mormon Polygamy: Belief and Practice in Nauvoo.” In Kingdom on the Mississippi Revisited: Nauvoo in Mormon History, edited by Roger D. Launius and John E. Hallwas, 130–146. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996.

7. [7]

   JS, Journal, 19 May 1842. Neither the 19 May revelation nor JS’s discourse before the city council is recorded in the city council minutes kept by clerk James Sloan.  

8. [8]

   JS, Journal, 19 May 1842; see also Minutes, 19 May 1842. Hiram Kimball was appointed an alderman for the Nauvoo City Council on 30 October 1841. (Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 30 Oct. 1841, 29; Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 30 Oct. 1841, 26.)  

9. [9]

   On 14 June 1842, JS purchased land from Hiram Kimball, who was acting as an agent for Ethan Kimball. The next day JS dined at the Kimball home. Although JS continued to condemn Kimball, along with other local merchants, for their business practices, Kimball joined the church in July 1843. (JS, Journal, 14–15 June 1842 and 21 Feb. 1843; “Kimball, Hiram S.,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 2:372; see also Deed from Ethan Kimball, 20 June 1842.)  

   Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.

10. [10]

    In JS’s journal, tithing entries before the 19 May entry, which contains the revelation, are dated 17 May, and the entry after the revelation is dated 18 May, suggesting the revelation was copied contemporaneously. (See Book of the Law of the Lord, 121–124.)