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  2. Nauvoo Legion Senior Officers, 1 January–15 May 1844

Nauvoo Legion Senior Officers, 1 January–15 May 1844

The charter for the city of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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, Illinois, enacted in December 1840 to take effect in February 1841, allowed for the formation of a unit of the
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

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state militia in Nauvoo.
1

Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.


On 3 February 1841, the city council passed an ordinance officially organizing the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

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.
2

Minutes, 3 Feb. 1841


On the following day, JS and other commissioned officers of the Illinois state militia elected the general officers of the legion.
3

Minutes, 4 Feb. 1841.


Additional positions were subsequently created and staffed.
4

Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 2, 20 Feb. 1841–21 July 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


The Nauvoo Legion was headed by a lieutenant general, with a major general as second-in-command. Under the major general were two brigades, or cohorts, each headed by a brigadier general. The first cohort consisted of two cavalry regiments and the second cohort of six infantry and artillery regiments (with all regiments commanded by colonels). The regiments were subdivided further into battalions (commanded by a lieutenant colonel or a major) and then companies (commanded by a captain). Officers retained their rank unless they were terminated by resignation, death, or cashiering out of the Nauvoo Legion. At times when officers of the legion were absent or had been cashiered from the legion but not officially replaced, persons in lower ranks could be appointed to act temporarily in their place.
Wilson Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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was suspended as the major general of the Nauvoo Legion on 29 April 1844 and was presumably cashiered on or about 9 May 1844 for “unbecoming conduct.”
Charles C. Rich

21 Aug. 1809–17 Nov. 1883. Schoolteacher, farmer, cooper. Born in Campbell Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Rich and Nancy O’Neal. Moved to Posey Township, Dearborn Co., Indiana, ca. 1810. Moved to Tazewell Co., Illinois, 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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, the brigadier general commanding the Second Cohort, was ordered to temporarily take Law’s place.
The following chart identifies the lieutenant general, major general, brigadier generals, and colonels of the Nauvoo Legion from 1 January through 15 May 1844; it does not note the generals’ staffs or the officers who commanded the legion’s battalions and companies. The names of persons who filled vacant offices with acting ranks are followed by a dagger (†) along with their official rank and, when known, the dates they held their acting ranks in parentheses.
1 January–15 May 1844
Lieutenant general Joseph Smith
Major general
Wilson Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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(until ca. 9 May 1844)
Charles C. Rich

21 Aug. 1809–17 Nov. 1883. Schoolteacher, farmer, cooper. Born in Campbell Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Rich and Nancy O’Neal. Moved to Posey Township, Dearborn Co., Indiana, ca. 1810. Moved to Tazewell Co., Illinois, 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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† (brigadier general; 29 April–14 May 1844)
5

Military Order to Charles C. Rich, 29 Apr. 1844; Rich, Journal, 14 May–28 July 1844; Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 3, 17 June 1844, [1], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL..


Comprehensive Works Cited

Rich, Charles C. Journals, 1833–1862. Charles C. Rich Collection, 1832–1908. CHL. MS 889, box 1.

 
Brigadier generals
First cohort (cavalry) Second cohort (infantry and artillery)
George Miller

25 Nov. 1794–after July 1856. Carpenter, mill operator, lumber dealer, steamboat owner. Born near Stanardsville, Orange Co., Virginia. Son of John Miller and Margaret Pfeiffer. Moved to Augusta Co., Virginia, 1798; to Madison Co., Kentucky, 1806; to Boone...

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(absent 6 May–ca. August 1844)
6

George Miller, St. James, MI, to “Dear Brother,” 28 June 1855, in Northern Islander, 6 Sept. 1855, [3]–[4]; Clayton, Journal, 11 Aug. 1844.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Northern Islander. St. James, MI. 1850–1856.

Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

Charles C. Rich

21 Aug. 1809–17 Nov. 1883. Schoolteacher, farmer, cooper. Born in Campbell Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Rich and Nancy O’Neal. Moved to Posey Township, Dearborn Co., Indiana, ca. 1810. Moved to Tazewell Co., Illinois, 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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7

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; Rich, Journal, 14 May–28 July 1844; Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 3, 17 June 1844, [1], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Rich, Charles C. Journals, 1833–1862. Charles C. Rich Collection, 1832–1908. CHL. MS 889, box 1.

 
Colonels
First cohort (cavalry) Second cohort (infantry and artillery)
Stephen Markham

9 Feb. 1800–10 Mar. 1878. Carpenter, farmer, stock raiser. Born at Rush (later Avon), Ontario Co., New York. Son of David Markham and Dinah Merry. Moved to Mentor, Geauga Co., Ohio, 1809. Moved to Unionville, Geauga Co., 1810. Married Hannah Hogaboom, before...

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, first regiment
8

Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 2, 24 Sept. 1842, [5], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


John Scott

6 May 1811–16 Dec. 1876. Joiner, farmer, military officer. Born in Armagh, Co. Armagh, Ireland. Son of Jacob Scott and Sarah Warnock. Immigrated to York, Upper Canada, ca. May 1819. Moved to Trafalgar, Halton Co., Upper Canada (later in Oakville, Regional...

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, first regiment
9

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843; Military Order to John Scott, 17 June 1844; Military Order to John Scott, 27 June 1844, Nauvoo Legion, Second Cohort, First Regiment Papers, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Nauvoo Legion, Second Cohort, First Regiment Papers, 1844–1845. CHL. MS 21305.

George Coulson, second regiment
10

“Rank Roll. of the Nauvoo Legion of the Illinois Militia for the Year 1843,” in Nauvoo Legion Minute Book, 68; Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 2, 3 July 1841, [2].


Nelson Higgins

1 Sept. 1806–20 Nov. 1890. Farmer, laborer, justice of the peace. Born at Milford, Otsego Co., New York. Son of Daniel Higgins and Mary Daggett. Married Sarah (Sally) Blackman, ca. 1826, at Fitchville, Huron Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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, second regiment
11

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Henry J. Young, third regiment
12

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; List of Delinquents from Second Cohort Third Regiment Court-Martial of Assessment, 1 June 1844, Jonathan H. Hale Papers, 1835–1845, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Hale, Jonathan H. Papers, 1835–1845. CHL. MS 3214.

Jonathan Dunham

14 Jan. 1800–28 July 1845. Soldier, police captain. Born in Paris, Oneida Co., New York. Son of Jonathan Dunham. Married Mary Kendall. Moved to Rushford, Allegany Co., New York, by 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and ordained...

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, fourth regiment
13

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 2, 2 Apr. 1842, [3], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Hosea Stout

18 Sept. 1810–2 Mar. 1889. Farmer, teacher, carpenter, sawmill operator, lawyer. Born near Pleasant Hill, Mercer Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Stout and Anna Smith. Moved to Union Township, Clinton Co., Ohio, 1819; to Wilmington, Clinton Co., fall 1824; to...

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, fifth regiment
14

Rank Roll of the Nauvoo Legion, Rank Rolls Second Cohort 1843, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; Stout, History of the Nauvoo Legion, Draft 2, 23 June 1843, [6]; “Rank Roll of the Commissioned Officers of the 5th Regt 2 Cohort Nauvoo Legion for the Spring Parades for the Year A.D. 1844,” Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Titus Billings

24 Mar. 1793–6 Feb. 1866. Stonemason, carpenter, musician. Born in Greenfield, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Ebenezer Billings and Esther Joyce. Moved to Mentor, Geauga Co., Ohio, by 1817. Married Diantha Morley, 16 Feb. 1817, in Geauga Co. Moved to...

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, sixth regiment
15

Second Cohort Activities, 17–23 June 1844, Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

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