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Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 April 1844

Source Note

, Letter, , to [the (including JS)], , Hancock Co., IL, 25 Apr. 1844; handwriting and signature of ; seven pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal stamps, dockets, and notations.
Two bifolia, each measuring 10 × 8 inches (25 × 20 cm). The paper is ruled with approximately twenty-seven blue horizontal lines, now faded. The letter was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, and sealed with a red adhesive wafer. The second leaf of the second bifolium was torn when the letter was opened, and the verso of the last leaf contains wafer residue. The letter was later refolded for filing. Small pieces of clear cellophane tape were added sometime after 1930 to the right edge of the second horizontal fold of each leaf and the recto of the last leaf. At one point, the bifolia were attached by multiple staples. The staples have since been removed.
The letter was docketed by Jonathan Grimshaw, who served as a clerk in the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) from 1853 to 1856. Graphite notations were later added, apparently by a clerk or secretary for Andrew Jenson, who served as assistant church historian from 1897 to 1941. The letter may have been listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office circa 1904. By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL). The document’s early docket and notations, its possible inclusion in a circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Cole et al., Encyclopedia of Modern Everyday Inventions, 22; Edelman, “Brief History of Tape,” 45–46.

    Cole, David J., Eve Browning, and Fred E.H. Schroeder. Encyclopedia of Modern Everyday Inventions. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.

    Edelman, Jonathan. “A Brief History of Tape.” Ambidextrous 5 (Falling in 2006): 45–46.

  2. [2]

    Historian’s Office, Journal, 7 June 1853; Wilford Woodruff, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to George A. Smith, 30 Aug. 1856, in Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybooks, vol. 1, p. 364.

    Historian’s Office. Journal, 1844–1997. CHL. CR 100 1.

    Historian’s Office. Letterpress Copybooks, 1854–1879, 1885–1886. CHL. CR 100 38.

  3. [3]

    Bitton and Arrington, Mormons and Their Historians, 48–55.

    Bitton, David, and Leonard J. Arrington. Mormons and Their Historians. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988.

  4. [4]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [4], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL. The JS Collection includes five letters that Orson Hyde wrote in 1844. The circa 1904 inventory does not specify whether the letter received from Hyde is this one, dated 25 April 1844, or the one dated 26 April 1844. The letters were docketed and processed similarly, so the inventory may refer to both letters. (See Letter from Orson Hyde, 26 Apr. 1844.)

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  5. [5]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 25 April 1844, wrote the first of five extant letters he sent to JS and the in , Illinois, from informing them of his activities on the council’s behalf in the capital city. Hyde was there to present to the Congress and President a memorial that, if approved, would make JS a member of the United States Army and authorize him “to raise a Company of one hundred thousand armed volunteers” to protect settlers in the , the , and “other Lands contiguous to this nation.” The Council of Fifty, which was discussing possible locations for the should they need to leave Nauvoo, had initiated and approved this memorial earlier that spring.
Addressing the question of where the Saints might establish a gathering place outside of was a central reason for the formation of the in March 1844. Relocation would offer the Saints the opportunity to institute their own laws to ensure their protection, to proselytize among Native Americans, and to ease tension with their neighbors. The council’s record notes that at a meeting on 11 March all council members “seemed agreed to look to some place where we can go and establish a Theocracy either in or or somewhere in .” The memorial Hyde delivered to Congress and originated in a Council of Fifty meeting on 19 March. On that occasion, suggested that the council consider a resolution that “communication be made immediately to the General Government through our representative, Mr , specifying that General Joseph Smith will protect the Texas and Oregon from all foreign invasion if the General Government will authorise him to raise volunteers in the for that purpose.” The council further discussed the resolution on 21 March, appointing Richards, , and as a committee to draft the petition and to take the petition to . On 26 March 1844, the council unanimously sustained the drafted memorial along with a motion to send a similar memorial to Tyler.
Upon receiving the assignment to take the memorial to , was determined to do all that he could to ensure that Congress or approved it. At a meeting in the afternoon of 4 April 1844, Hyde asked how he should respond to questions from Washington politicians. He later recounted that JS’s response was to “go and do the best you can, act like a King and get the very best things done for us that you can.” Optimistic that Congress would be receptive to the petition, Hyde departed for Washington immediately following the 4 April meeting, bearing copies of the memorial for Congress and Tyler. He also carried a letter that identified him as an of ’s city authorities and recommended him “to the due consideration of all the Exeutive officers of the government, both houses of Congress, and gentlemen generally of the .”
In his 25 April letter, informed JS and the that he had arrived in and had met with , who was there on behalf of the City Council. Hyde recounted the 24 April visit that he and Pratt had with several members of the congressional delegation, including representatives and , about the Latter-day Saints’ memorial and potential destinations for future settlement. In the letter, Hyde explained the specific viewpoints these politicians offered regarding how the memorial would affect relations between the and Great Britain over the jointly occupied . Hyde opined that Congress was unlikely to pass any bills relating to or Oregon and that the Saints would be better off moving to either place sooner rather than later. If the Saints became the early majority in Oregon, Hyde reasoned, other settlers might be discouraged from migrating there.
addressed his letter to the “through” JS, the council’s standing chair, but addressed the wrapper of the letter to , who was not only a council member but also the postmaster of , which meant that he could send and receive mail without charge. On the morning of 13 May 1844, JS received the letter and another dated 26 April from Hyde and subsequently called for the Council of Fifty to meet that afternoon. At the meeting, after Hyde’s letters were read, JS and other council members expressed dismay that Hyde had struck out the clause in the memorial proposing to appoint JS as a member of the Army. Thereafter, the council passed a resolution stipulating that delegates of the council must “carry all Memorials through Congress without alteration.” On behalf of the council, a scribe, possibly , wrote a letter to Hyde in response, which and brought to .
’s original letter was preserved among the church’s records. also copied the letter into the record of the . The original letter is featured here.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    The others are Letter from Orson Hyde, 26 Apr. 1844; Letter from Orson Hyde, 30 Apr. 1844; Orson Hyde, Washington DC, to “Dear Brethren,” Nauvoo, IL, 9 June 1844; and Orson Hyde, Washington DC, to “Dear Brethren,” Nauvoo, IL, 11 June 1844, JS Collection, CHL.

  2. [2]

    Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844.

  3. [3]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 26 Mar. 1844.

  4. [4]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 10 and 11 Mar. 1844.

  5. [5]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 19 Mar. 1844.

  6. [6]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 21 Mar. 1844.

  7. [7]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 26 Mar. 1844. The memorial Hyde presented to Tyler is nearly identical to the one the council wrote to Congress. However, it asked the president to use executive power to grant the memorial, while the memorial to Congress requested that Congress pass the memorial as a bill. (JS, Memorial to John Tyler, 30 Mar. 1844, copy, JS Collection, CHL; Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844.)

  8. [8]

    When the council approved the memorial to Congress on 26 March, Hyde “felt as though he could prophecy that Congress would grant our memorial.” (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 26 Mar. 1844.)

  9. [9]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 4 Apr. 1844; Orson Hyde, Washington DC, to “Dear Brethren,” Nauvoo, IL, 9 June 1844, JS Collection, CHL.

  10. [10]

    JS, Journal, 31 Mar. and 4 Apr. 1844; Letter of Recommendation for Orson Hyde, 30 Mar. 1844, draft, in Letter of Recommendation for Orson Pratt, 12 Mar. 1844, draft, JS Collection, CHL; see also Orson Hyde, Washington DC, to “Dear Brethren,” Nauvoo, IL, 9 June 1844, JS Collection, CHL.

  11. [11]

    Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 2. The city council selected Pratt to present a memorial to Congress that outlined the persecutions and property losses the Saints experienced in Missouri in the 1830s and that petitioned the government to grant the city of Nauvoo territorial status. (See Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.)

  12. [12]

    In a pamphlet detailing his presidential platform, JS stated his belief that the United States was entitled to the entirety of the Oregon territory. (See General Smith’s Views of the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States, ca. 26 Jan.–7 Feb. 1844.)

  13. [13]

    In spring 1844, Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, who shared Hyde’s hope that the Saints could relocate to uninhabited land, submitted a petition to Congress asking the federal government to let the Saints purchase public lands in a federal territory on a friendly repayment schedule. (See Journal of the Senate of the United States, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., 7 June 1844, 331; and Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, Petition to U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, 1844, Record Group 46, Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives, Washington DC.)

    Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, Being the Third Session of the Twenty-Seventh Congress, Begun and Held at the City of Washington, December 5, 1842, and in the Sixty-Seventh Year of the Independence of the Said United States. Washington DC: Thomas Allen, 1842.

    Wight, Lyman, and Heber C. Kimball. Petition to U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, 1844. Petitions, Memorials, Resolutions of State Legislatures, and Related Documents Which Were Referred to the Committee on Public Lands during the 28th Congress. Petitions and Memorials, 1816–1948. Record Group 46, Records of the U.S. Senate, 1789–2015. National Archives, Washington DC.

  14. [14]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 and 19 Mar. 1844; “List of Letters,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 17 Jan. 1844, [3]. As a postmaster, Rigdon was entitled to franking privileges, meaning he could receive mail for free.

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

  15. [15]

    JS, Journal, 13 May 1844; Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 May 1844; see also Letter from Orson Hyde, 26 Apr. 1844.

  16. [16]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 May 1844.

  17. [17]

    Council of Fifty, “Record,” 13 May 1844. Hyde was not in Washington when Wight and Kimball arrived, but he received the letter on 8 June 1844 upon his return to the capital. This letter censured Hyde for taking matters into his own hands by revising the memorial. (Kimball, Journal, 2 and 8 June 1844; Orson Hyde, Washington DC, to “Dear Brethren,” Nauvoo, IL, 9 June 1844, JS Collection, CHL; see also Letter to Orson Hyde and Orson Pratt, 13 May 1844.)

    Kimball, Heber C. Journal, Nov. 1845–Jan. 1846. CHL.

  18. [18]

    See Letters from Orson Hyde, 25 and 26 Apr. 1844.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 April 1844 Council of Fifty, Minutes, March 1844–January 1846; Volume 1, 10 March 1844–1 March 1845 History, 1838–1856, volume F-1 [1 May 1844–8 August 1844] “History of Joseph Smith”

Page 2

cannot be regarded by our government as deviating in the least degree from her plighted faith unless she intends to tamely submit to British monopoly in that country. said he would present the memorial if we desired it. I thanked him for his kind offer, but observed that I was not yet prepared for the bill to be submitted; but wished to elicit all the facts relative to the condition of , and also advise with many other members relative to the matter, and we could better determine then how the bill should be introduced. We do not want it presented and referred to a special <​standing​> committee and stuck away with five or ten cords of petitions and that be the last of it; but we want the memorial read, a move made to suspend the rules of the house, and the bill printed &c.
said, “I am for any how, You may set me down on your list, and I will go for you, if you will go for .” has been quite ill, but is just recovered. He will help all he can. likewise: But says that he does not believe any thing will be done about or the this session, for it might have a very important effect upon the Presidential Election, and politicians are slow to move when such doubtful and important matters are like to be effected by it. He says that there are already two bills before the house for establishing a territorial government in and to protect the emigrants there; and now he says, were your bill to be introduced it might be looked upon that you claimed the [p. 2]
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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 April 1844
ID #
1340
Total Pages
8
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  • Orson Hyde

Footnotes

  1. [6]

    On 25 May 1844, Congressman Wentworth attempted to do precisely as Hyde here suggested. He asked to have the clerk of the House of Representatives read the memorial from JS to the assembled House. Before completing the reading, however, the clerk was interrupted by Joseph R. Ingersoll, a Pennsylvania Whig who opposed the Democratic Party’s aggressive stance toward Great Britain over the Oregon territory. Wentworth then moved for a “suspension of the rules, to enable him to have the paper read” and for the House to go into the Committee of the Whole to debate the “Oregon bill,” directly linking JS’s memorial with the wider controversy over Oregon. Wentworth’s motion to suspend the rules, however, was voted down by a coalition of Whigs and Democrats opposed to provocative measures over Oregon that might lead to war with Britain. Congressmen Hoge, Hardin, and Douglas all voted with Wentworth in favor of the motion. (Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 624 [1844]; Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1312.)

    The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

    Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1989: The Continental Congress September 5, 1774, to October 21, 1788, and the Congress of the United States from the First through the One Hundredth Congresses March 4, 1789, to January 3, 1989, Inclusive. Edited by Kathryn Allamong Jacob and Bruce A. Ragsdale. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989.

  2. [7]

    A member of the Committee on Territories, Wentworth had a particular interest in Oregon. Early in the legislative session, he introduced a resolution requesting that the president deliver “all the correspondence between this Government or any other power in relation to the discovery, possession, title, and boundary of the Oregon Territory.” He later presented joint resolutions from the Illinois legislature that called for an annulment of the treaty with Great Britain and the creation of a territorial government in Oregon. (Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 29, 54, 336 [1844].)

    The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

  3. [8]

    Douglas frequently suffered from poor health. About a week before Hyde wrote the featured letter, the 19 April issue of New York City’s Evening Post reported that “Mr. Douglass has just recovered from a long fit of sickness.” (See Stevens, Autobiography of Stephen A. Douglas, 9, 11; and “Correspondence of the Evening Post,” Evening Post [New York City], 19 Apr. 1844, [2].)

    Stevens, Frank E., ed. Autobiography of Stephen A. Douglas. Springfield: Illinois State Journal, 1913.

    Evening Post. New York City. 1801–.

  4. [9]

    Secretary of State Abel Upshur began secret annexation negotiations with the Republic of Texas in 1843. After Upshur’s untimely death, President Tyler’s new secretary of state, John C. Calhoun, finalized the treaty with Texas in April 1844. Because it was a treaty, the annexation agreement still needed the approval of the United States Senate. (See Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 679.)

    Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  5. [10]

    Possibly a reference to A Bill to Organize a Territorial Government in the Oregon Territory, and for Other Purposes, H.R. no. 21, 28th Cong., 1st Sess. (1844); and A Bill to Facilitate and Encourage the Settlement of the Territory of Oregon, S. no. 23, 28th Cong., 1st Sess. (1844). Both bills authorized the president to erect forts in Oregon to protect migrating settlers.

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