Footnotes

1. [1]

   Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1845, 115, 172; “Mormonism—No. II,” Tiffany’s Monthly, Aug. 1859, 167; Pratt, Autobiography, 117–118.

   “Mormonism,” Tiffany’s Monthly 5 (May 1859): 46–51; (July 1859): 119–121; (Aug. 1859): 163–170. Tiffany's Monthly. New York City. 1856–1859.

   Pratt, Parley P. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, One of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Embracing His Life, Ministry and Travels, with Extracts, in Prose and Verse, from His Miscellaneous Writings. Edited by Parley P. Pratt Jr. New York: Russell Brothers, 1874.

2. [2]

   Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:2–3]. For an account of the expulsion of church members from Jackson County, see Parley P. Pratt et al., “‘The Mormons’ So Called,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Extra, Feb. 1834, [1]–[2].

   The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

3. [3]

   Minutes, 24 Feb. 1834.

4. [4]

   Revelation, 24 Feb. 1834 [D&C 103:22, 29–30, 37–40].

5. [5]

   Pratt, Diary, 13 Mar. 1834.

   Pratt, Orson. Journal, 1833–1837. Orson Pratt, Autobiography and Journals, 1833–1847. CHL. MS 587, fds. 2–4.

6. [6]

   JS, Journal, 4–6 Mar. 1834.

7. [7]

   See JS, Journal, 26–28 Feb. 1834; Pratt, Autobiography, 116–122; Backman, Profile, appendix E; Woodruff, Journal, 1 May 1834; Account with the Church of Christ, ca. 11–29 Aug. 1834; Radke, “We Also Marched,” 147–165.

   Pratt, Parley P. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, One of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Embracing His Life, Ministry and Travels, with Extracts, in Prose and Verse, from His Miscellaneous Writings. Edited by Parley P. Pratt Jr. New York: Russell Brothers, 1874.

   Backman, Milton V., Jr., comp. A Profile of Latter-day Saints of Kirtland, Ohio, and Members of Zion’s Camp, 1830–1839: Vital Statistics and Sources. 2nd ed. Provo, UT: Department of Church History and Doctrine and Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1983.

   Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

   Radke, Andrea G. “We Also Marched: The Women and Children of Zion’s Camp, 1834.” BYU Studies 39 (2000): 147–165.

8. [8]

   See Revelation, 4 June 1833 [D&C 96:2].

9. [9]

   Geauga Co., OH, Deed Records, 1795–1921, vol. 17, pp. 38–39, 359–360, 10 Apr. 1833, microfilm 20,237, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Minutes, 23 Mar. 1833–A.

   U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

10. [10]

    Minutes, 26–27 Apr. 1832; Revelation, 26 Apr. 1832 [D&C 82:11–12]; Geauga Co., OH, Deed Records, 1795–1921, vol. 17, pp. 360–361, 17 June 1833, microfilm 20,237, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL. The records are not clear as to whether N. K. Whitney & Co. reimbursed Coe for the $2,000 down payment at the same time it purchased the farm or whether the $2,000 was also a debt to be paid in the future.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

11. [11]

    Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland Mills, OH, to Warren A. Cowdery, Freedom, NY, 30 Oct. 1833, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 1–3. According to Frederick G. Williams, Whitney went to New York in the fall of 1833 “with money enough to pay all the debts” owed for previous purchases of goods. However, on this trip Whitney also purchased “a larger supply of goods than at any former time.” Whitney’s “New York Account Book” indicates that he owed nearly $4,400 to various firms for invoices issued in October 1833. The account book of F. G. Williams & Co. indicates that Cowdery spent $190.60 for the printing press and $360.21 for type. (Frederick G. Williams, Kirtland, OH, to “Dear Brethren,” 10 Oct. 1833, in JS Letterbook 1, p. 58; “New York Account Book Sept 1834,” Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU; F. G. Williams and Company, Account Book, 1.)

    Cowdery, Oliver. Letterbook, 1833–1838. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.

    Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.

    F. G. Williams & Co. Account Book, 1833–1835. CHL. In Patience Cowdery, Diary, 1849–1851. CHL. MS 3493.

12. [12]

    Prayer, 11 Jan. 1834. Concern for the debts of the United Firm had also been expressed in 1833. A March 1833 revelation counseled Newel K. Whitney to obtain an agent who could “discharge evry debt that the store house of the Lord may not be brought in to disrepute.” JS also stated in a June 1833 letter to Missouri church leaders that members of the firm “know not the hour when we shall be Sued for debts which we have contracted ourselves in N York.” (Revelation, 8 Mar. 1833 [D&C 90:22–23]; Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson Co., MO, 25 June 1833.)

13. [13]

    Minutes, 20 Feb. 1834.

14. [14]

    Revelation, 24 Feb. 1834 [D&C 103:40].

15. [15]

    According to the 1830 census, Roger Orton lived in Geneseo, Livingston County, New York; Edmund Bosley resided in Livonia, Livingston County; Freeman Nickerson lived in Perrysburg, Cattaraugus County, New York; and Isaac McWithy resided in Bennington, Genesee County, New York. (1830 U.S. Census, Geneseo, Livingston Co., NY, 14; 1830 U.S. Census, Livonia, Livingston Co., NY, 65; 1830 U.S. Census, Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., NY, 224; 1830 U.S. Census, Bennington, Genesee Co., NY, 136.)

    Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.

16. [16]

    JS et al., Kirtland, OH, to Orson Hyde, 7 Apr. 1834, in JS Letterbook 1, pp. 82–84. An 1834 entry in JS’s journal indicates that the church had received nearly $250 from various individuals “for the delivery of Zion.” (Record of Donations, in JS, Journal, 1832–1834.)