Footnotes

1. [1]

   Holbrook, Reminiscences, 37–38; “Amasa Lyman’s History,” LDS Millennial Star, 12 Aug. 1865, 27:502.  

   Holbrook, Joseph. Autobiography and Journal, not before 1871. Photocopy. CHL. MS 5004. Original in private possession.

   Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

2. [2]

   For more information about Dunklin’s attitude toward calling out the militia, see Historical Introduction to Declaration, 21 June 1834.  

3. [3]

   “The Mormon Controversy,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 23 July 1834, [3].  

   Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.

4. [4]

   Rich, Diary, 14 June 1834.  

   Rich, Charles C. Journals, 1833–1862. Charles C. Rich Collection, 1832–1908. CHL. MS 889, box 1.

5. [5]

   Declaration, 21 June 1834.  

6. [6]

   Cahoon, Autobiography, 43; Woodruff, Journal, May 1834. Edward Partridge later remembered that “after the arrival of the brethren from the east, a council was held” in which it was decided “that it would not be wisdom to ask the Governor” to call out a militia escort for the Saints. That council may have been this one on 22 June, or it could have been another council that John Whitmer attended on 21 June before meeting up with the Camp of Israel on 22 June. (“A History, of the Persecution,” Times and Seasons, Feb. 1840, 1:50; Whitmer, Daybook, 21 and 22 June 1834.)  

   Cahoon, William F. Autobiography, 1878. Microfilm. CHL. MS 8433.

   Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

   Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

   Whitmer, John. Daybook, 1832–1878. CHL. MS 1159.

7. [7]

   Holbrook, Reminiscences, 38.  

   Holbrook, Joseph. Autobiography and Journal, not before 1871. Photocopy. CHL. MS 5004. Original in private possession.

8. [8]

   JS and others spent a good portion of February, March, and April trying to raise money and recruit participants for the Camp of Israel. Accounts of the expedition indicate that church members contributed only a little over $330, necessitating camp members to donate nearly $1,700 of their own money for the expedition’s expenses. And while a February 1834 revelation had instructed JS and others to try to recruit as many as 500 men for the expedition, only 205 actually went. (Account with the Church of Christ, ca. 11–29 Aug. 1834; Revelation, 24 Feb. 1834 [D&C 103:30]; Kimball, “Journal and Record,” 11; see also Historical Introduction to Minutes, 17 Mar. 1834.)  

   Kimball, Heber C. “The Journal and Record of Heber Chase Kimball an Apostle of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” ca. 1842–1858. Heber C. Kimball, Papers, 1837–1866. CHL. MS 627, box 1.

9. [9]

   Revelation, 16–17 Dec. 1833 [D&C 101:67–74]; Revelation, 24 Feb. 1834 [D&C 103:23].  

10. [10]

    See, for example, McBride, Reminiscence, 6; Hancock, Autobiography, 147; and Kimball, “Journal and Record,” 18.  

    McBride, Reuben, Sr. Reminiscence, no date. CHL. MS 8197.

    Hancock, Levi Ward. Autobiography, 1803–1836. New Mormon Studies CD-ROM: A Comprehensive Resource Library, 2009. CHL.

    Kimball, Heber C. “The Journal and Record of Heber Chase Kimball an Apostle of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” ca. 1842–1858. Heber C. Kimball, Papers, 1837–1866. CHL. MS 627, box 1.

11. [11]

    Noble and Noble, Reminiscences, [8].  

    Noble, Joseph B., and Mary Adeline Beman Noble. Reminiscences, ca. 1836. CHL. MS 1031, fd. 1.

12. [12]

    Baldwin, Account of Zion’s Camp, 14.  

    Baldwin, Nathan Bennett. Account of Zion’s Camp, 1882. Typescript. CHL. MS 499.

13. [13]

    Cahoon, Autobiography, 43.  

    Cahoon, William F. Autobiography, 1878. Microfilm. CHL. MS 8433.

14. [14]

    George A. Smith, Autobiography, 38.  

    Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.

15. [15]

    Tanner, Address, [13].  

    Tanner, Nathan. Address, no date. CHL. MS 2815.

16. [16]

    Cahoon, Autobiography, 43; Burgess, Autobiography, 2–3; Kimball, “Journal and Record,” 18. According to Heber C. Kimball, several members of the camp exhibited cholera symptoms on 21 June, before the revelation was given, but other accounts indicate that cholera did not break out on a large scale until later. Camp members who died from cholera were John S. Carter, Albert Fisk, Seth Hitchcock, Warren Ingalls, Edward Ives, Noah Johnson, Jesse B. Lawson, Robert McCord, Betsy Parrish, Erastus Rudd, Jesse J. Smith, Elial Strong, and Eber Wilcox. Two other church members living in Missouri died as well: Sidney Gilbert and Phebe Murdock, who was a daughter of John and Julia Clapp Murdock living with the Gilberts. (Kimball, “Journal and Record,” 15; Burgess, Autobiography, 3; McBride, Reminiscence, 7; Parkin, “Zion’s Camp Cholera Victims Monument Dedication,” 4–5.)  

    Cahoon, William F. Autobiography, 1878. Microfilm. CHL. MS 8433.

    Burgess, Harrison. Autobiography, ca. 1883. Photocopy. CHL. MS 893. Also available as “Sketch of a Well-Spent Life,” in Labors in the Vineyard, Faith-Promoting Series 12 (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1884), 65–74.

    Kimball, Heber C. “The Journal and Record of Heber Chase Kimball an Apostle of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” ca. 1842–1858. Heber C. Kimball, Papers, 1837–1866. CHL. MS 627, box 1.

    McBride, Reuben, Sr. Reminiscence, no date. CHL. MS 8197.

    Parkin, Max H. “Zion’s Camp Cholera Victims Monument Dedication.” Missouri Mormon Frontier Foundation Newsletter 15 (Fall 1997): 4–5.

17. [17]

    Letter to Emma Smith, 4 June 1834.  

18. [18]

    Whitmer, Daybook, 22 and 23 June 1834.  

    Whitmer, John. Daybook, 1832–1878. CHL. MS 1159.

19. [19]

    Both Phelps’s and Corrill’s copies are in Revelations Collection, CHL. Phelps also copied the revelation into a journal that he began in 1835. (Phelps, Diary and Notebook, 4–17 [second numbering].)  

    Phelps, William W. Diary and Notebook, ca. 1835–1836, 1843, 1864. CHL. MS 3450.

20. [20]

    Revelation, 22 June 1834, in Revelation Book 2, pp. 97–100 [D&C 105].  

21. [21]

    Eber D. Howe, a vocal critic of JS in 1834, was aware of the revelation but discussed it in generalities. The one quotation that he implied came from the revelation is not actually found in it, suggesting that Howe did not have a copy. (Howe, Mormonism Unvailed, 162.)  

    Howe, Eber D. Mormonism Unvailed: Or, A Faithful Account of That Singular Imposition and Delusion, from Its Rise to the Present Time. With Sketches of the Characters of Its Propagators, and a Full Detail of the Manner in Which the Famous Golden Bible Was Brought before the World. To Which Are Added, Inquiries into the Probability That the Historical Part of the Said Bible Was Written by One Solomon Spalding, More Than Twenty Years Ago, and by Him Intended to Have Been Published as a Romance. Painesville, OH: By the author, 1834.

22. [22]

    Revelation, 22 June 1834, in Doctrine and Covenants 102, 1844 ed. [D&C 105].  

23. [23]

    Minutes, 23 June 1834; “An Appeal,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Aug. 1834, 183–184. According to a later JS history, a council held in Missouri on 7 July 1834 sanctioned the appeal, although the extant minutes of the meeting do not mention this. (JS History, vol. A-1, 514; Minutes and Discourse, ca. 7 July 1834.)  

    The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

    JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian’s Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.